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Shloka 25

Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction

युधिछिर उवाच शूद्रे तु यद्‌ भवेल्लक्ष्म द्विजे तच्च न विद्यते । न वै शूद्रो भवेच्छूद्रो ब्राह्मणो न च ब्राह्मण:,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--यदि शूद्रमें सत्य आदि उपर्युक्त लक्षण हैं और ब्राह्मणमें नहीं हैं तो वह शूद्र शूद्र नहीं है और वह ब्राह्मण ब्राह्मण नहीं है। सर्प! जिसमें ये सत्य आदि लक्षण मौजूद हों, वह ब्राह्मण माना गया है और जिसमें इन लक्षणोंका अभाव हो, उसे शूद्र कहना चाहिये

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śūdre tu yad bhavel lakṣma dvije tac ca na vidyate | na vai śūdro bhavec chūdro brāhmaṇo na ca brāhmaṇaḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira disse: “Se os sinais (da virtude) se encontram num Śūdra, mas não se encontram num duas-vezes-nascido, então esse Śūdra não é verdadeiramente um Śūdra, e esse brâmane não é verdadeiramente um brâmane. Deve-se reconhecer como brâmane aquele em quem estão presentes qualidades como a veracidade; e deve-se chamar Śūdra aquele em quem tais qualidades estão ausentes.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शूद्रेin a Śūdra
शूद्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यत्that which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्might be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
लक्ष्मa characteristic/mark (lakṣaṇa)
लक्ष्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
द्विजेin a twice-born (Brāhmaṇa etc.)
द्विजे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्यतेis found/exists
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शूद्रःa Śūdra (as such)
शूद्रः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणःa Brāhmaṇa (as such)
ब्राह्मणः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
Śūdra
D
Dvija
B
Brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

Social labels like ‘Brahmin’ and ‘Śūdra’ are not validated merely by birth or external status; they are validated by inner qualities (lakṣaṇa) such as truthfulness and ethical conduct. Where virtues are present, one should recognize higher dharmic standing; where they are absent, the label loses its meaning.

In Vana Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira is engaged in a dharma-discussion (addressing a serpent/Nāga in this episode). He argues that true identity in the varṇa framework should be judged by observable moral characteristics rather than by nominal or hereditary designation.