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Shloka 8

Sanatsujāta-Āhvāna (Summoning Sanatsujāta) — Vidura’s Invocation and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Doubt

ते मोहितास्तद्वशे वर्तमाना इतः प्रेतास्तत्र पुन: पतन्ति । ततस्तान्‌ देवा अनुविप्लवन्ते अतो मृत्युर्मरणाख्यामुपैति

te mohitās tadvaśe vartamānā itaḥ pretās tatra punaḥ patanti | tatas tān devā anuviplavante ato mṛtyur maraṇākhyām upaiti manuṣya ||

Sanatsujāta explica que as pessoas, iludidas e vivendo sob o domínio dessa ilusão, partem deste mundo e então caem, repetidas vezes, em novos estados de existência. Ali, os poderes divinos as perturbam e as impelem adiante, de modo que a Morte passa a ser conhecida como “morrer” — a ruptura reiterada da vida encarnada. A lição ética é que, quando alguém é dominado por paixões como a ira, a negligência e a cobiça, seguem-se o orgulho e o cativeiro, e o ciclo de nascimentos e mortes continua.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मोहिताःdeluded
मोहिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमोहित (मुह् धातु)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तद्वशेunder its control
तद्वशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतद् + वश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वर्तमानाःabiding/acting (being)
वर्तमानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्तमान (वृत् धातु)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इतःfrom here
इतः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइतः
प्रेताःdeparted (having gone)
प्रेताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रेत (प्र + इ धातु)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पतन्तिthey fall
पतन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अनुविप्लवन्तेthey unsettle/overwhelm (them) repeatedly
अनुविप्लवन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + विप्लव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
अतःtherefore/from that
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मरणाख्याम्the name/designation 'maraṇa'
मरणाख्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमरण + आख्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उपैतिattains/comes to
उपैति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + इ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

सनत्युजात उवाच

सनत्सुजात (Sanatsujāta)
देवाः (the gods/divine powers)
मृत्यु (Death)

Educational Q&A

Delusion and passion-driven living keep a person under bondage, leading to repeated falling into further births and deaths; ‘death’ is portrayed as the recurring rupture of embodied existence caused by such ignorance.

Sanatsujāta is instructing (in the Vidura–Dhṛtarāṣṭra context) about the fate of deluded beings: after leaving this world they fall again, and divine forces propel them onward, so that death is experienced as repeated ‘dying’ within the cycle of transmigration.