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Shloka 52

Mantri-Parīkṣā — Testing Ministers, Securing Counsel, and Ethical Criteria for Advisers (अध्याय ८४)

विद्वान्‌ पुरुष कहते हैं कि राज्यका मूल है गुप्तचर और उसका सार है गुप्त मन्त्रणा। मन्त्रीलोग तो यहाँ अपनी जीविकाके लिये ही राजाका अनुसरण करते हैं ।। संविनीय मदक्रोधौ मानमीर््ष्या च निर्व॒ता: । नित्यं पञ्चोपधातीतैर्मन्त्रयेत्‌ सह मन्त्रिभि:,जो मद और क्रोधको जीतकर मान और ईष्यसे रहित हो गये हैं तथा जो कायिक, वाचिक, मानसिक, कर्मकृत और संकेतजनित--इन पाँचों प्रकारके छलोंको लाँधकर ऊपर उठे हुए हैं, ऐसे मन्त्रियोंके साथ ही राजाको सदा गुप्त मन्त्रणा करनी चाहिये

saṃvinīya madakrodhau mānam īrṣyā ca nirvṛtāḥ | nityaṃ pañcopadhātītair mantrayet saha mantribhiḥ ||

Disse Bhishma: Tendo refreado a embriaguez e a ira, e estando livre de orgulho e inveja, o rei deve sempre conduzir o conselho confidencial apenas com ministros que tenham se elevado acima dos cinco modos de engano—os que nascem da ação do corpo, da fala, da mente, da maquinação deliberada e de sinais encobertos. O ensinamento é que a estabilidade do reinado repousa no segredo e em conselheiros disciplinados: a política deve ser moldada em privado por aqueles cujo caráter não é movido por paixão nem rivalidade, e que não podem ser desviados por artifícios.

संविनीयhaving restrained/controlled
संविनीय:
TypeVerb
Rootसं + वि + नी (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
मदक्रोधौintoxication and anger
मदक्रोधौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद + क्रोध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Dual
मानम्pride
मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमान
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
ईर्ष्याम्envy
ईर्ष्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootईर्ष्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निर्वृताःfree from/ceased (from them), calmed
निर्वृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्वृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
उपधातीतैःby/with those who have crossed over the snares (upadhā-s)
उपधातीतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउपधातीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
मन्त्रयेत्should deliberate/consult
मन्त्रयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्त्र् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
मन्त्रिभिःwith ministers
मन्त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
M
ministers (mantrin)

Educational Q&A

A king’s confidential policy-making should be done only with ministers of disciplined character—those who have conquered intoxication and anger and are free from pride and jealousy—because secrecy and integrity in counsel are foundational to stable rule.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous governance, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira principles of statecraft, emphasizing that the king must deliberate in secret with trustworthy ministers who are not susceptible to deception or inner vices.