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Shloka 12

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

विमथ्याततिक्रमेरंश्व विषद्यापि परस्परम्‌ | अभावमचिरेणैव गच्छेयुर्नात्र संशय:

vimathyātatikrameran śva viṣadyāpi parasparam | abhāvam acireṇaiva gaccheyur nātra saṁśayaḥ, rājan |

Vasumanā disse: “Se continuarem a golpear-se e a ultrapassar-se uns aos outros, entristecidos mas ainda assim atacando-se por turno, cairão depressa na ruína — disso não há dúvida, ó rei. Pois, quando o sol e a lua não se erguem, todas as criaturas afundam numa escuridão terrível e não conseguem ver-se; e como peixes num lago raso, ou bandos de aves num bosque sem guarda, que vagueiam à vontade ferindo-se repetidas vezes — ora esmagando outros com seus golpes, ora sofrendo eles mesmos quando atingidos —, assim também, lutando entre si, em pouco tempo ficam quase destruídos. Do mesmo modo, sem rei, todo o povo discutirá e combaterá entre si e será rapidamente arruinado, afundando na densa escuridão do sofrimento como gado sem pastor.”

विमथ्यhaving churned/crushed
विमथ्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-मथ्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
अतिक्रमेरन्would overstep/assail
अतिक्रमेरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3, plural, परस्मैपद
अंश्वa ray (sunbeam)
अंश्व:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंशु
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
विषद्यhaving become distressed/sunk down
विषद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-सद्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
परस्परम्mutually, one another
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
अभावम्non-existence, ruin
अभावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अचिरेणin a short time
अचिरेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअचिर
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गच्छेयुःwould go/come to (reach)
गच्छेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
Formविधिलिङ्, optative, 3, plural, परस्मैपद
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

वसुमना उवाच

वसुमना (Vasumanā)
राजन् (the king addressed)
सूर्य (Sun)
चन्द्र (Moon)
मत्स्य (fish)
तालाब/ह्रद (pond/lake, implied)
उपवन (grove/garden, implied)
पक्षिगण (flocks of birds, implied)
प्रजा (subjects, implied)
चरवाहा (herdsman, implied)
पशु (cattle/animals, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that a king (lawful authority) is necessary to restrain mutual aggression; without governance, people fall into conflict and rapid ruin, like creatures lost in darkness or animals without a herdsman.

Vasumanā addresses a king and argues for the necessity of rulership by using vivid analogies: darkness without sun and moon, fish in shallow water, and birds in an unguarded grove—each illustrating how, without protection and restraint, beings harm one another and perish.