Shloka 18

धृतराष्ट्र-सेवा, राज्य-कार्य-विभागः

Service to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Allocation of State Duties

Devanagari script

उत्थायोत्थाय तत्‌ कार्यमस्य राज्ञ: पितुर्मम । सर्व भवद्धिः कर्तव्यमप्रमत्तैर्यथायथम्‌

Transliteration

utthāyotthāya tat kāryam asya rājñaḥ pitur mama | sarvaṁ bhavadbhiḥ kartavyam apramattair yathāyatham ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana disse: “Levantando-vos repetidas vezes a cada dia, deveis, com vigilância constante, cumprir devidamente todo dever necessário para este rei—meu pai. Que tudo isso seja feito por vós com atenção e da maneira apropriada.” No contexto, o dhármico Yudhiṣṭhira instrui Vidura, Sañjaya e o sábio Yuyutsu a assegurar que as necessidades diárias de Dhṛtarāṣṭra sejam atendidas sem negligência.

Word by Word

• उत्थाय: having risen / after getting up
• उत्थाय: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-स्था (स्था)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund)

• उत्थाय: again having risen (repeatedly)
• उत्थाय: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-स्था (स्था)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कार्यम्: duty / necessary work
• कार्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (कृ + यत्)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अस्य: of this (person)
• अस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• राज्ञः: of the king
• राज्ञः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• पितुः: of (my) father
• पितुः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• मम: my
• मम: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• सर्वम्: all / the whole
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• भवद्भिः: by you (honorific, plural)
• भवद्भिः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: भवत्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• कर्तव्यम्: to be done / should be done
• कर्तव्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्तव्य (कृ + तव्यत्)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अप्रमत्तैः: by the vigilant / by the careful
• अप्रमत्तैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अप्रमत्त
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• यथा: as / in the manner that
• यथा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा
• Form: true

• यथम्: properly / duly
• यथम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथम्
• Form: true

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Vidura
• Sañjaya
• Yuyutsu

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma includes attentive, regular service to elders and dependents; duties must be performed without negligence (apramāda) and in a manner suited to each situation (yathāyatham).

What is happening in the narrative?

After the war, Yudhiṣṭhira arranges for Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s care and instructs trusted attendants—Vidura, Sañjaya, and Yuyutsu—to carry out the king’s daily needs diligently and properly.