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Shloka 140

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

परतन्त्र: सदा राजा स्वल्पेष्वपि प्रसज्जते । संधिविग्रहयोगे च कुतो राज्ञ: स्वतन्त्रता,इसी प्रकार उपभोग, भोजन, आच्छादन तथा अन्यान्य परिमित विषयोंके सेवनमें और दुष्टोंके दमन एवं शिष्ट पुरुषोंके प्रति अनुग्रहके विषयमें भी राजा सदा ही परतन्त्र है। इसी प्रकार वह बहुत थोड़े कार्योंमें भी स्वतन्त्र नहीं है तो भी उनमें आसक्त रहता है। संधि और विग्रह करनेमें भी राजाको कहाँ स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त है?

paratantraḥ sadā rājā svalpeṣv api prasajjate | sandhi-vigraha-yoge ca kuto rājñaḥ svatantratā ||

Bhīṣma disse: “Um rei está sempre dependente de outros, e ainda assim se apega até às menores coisas. Mesmo no negócio crucial de fazer a paz ou travar a guerra, onde se encontra a independência de um rei? Seu governo é constrangido por conselheiros, aliados, inimigos, recursos e a ordem pública; assim, ainda que lhe falte verdadeira liberdade de escolha, ele continua a se agarrar a fruições limitadas e aos fardos do governo.”

परतन्त्रःdependent (on others)
परतन्त्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरतन्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वल्पेषुin small (matters)
स्वल्पेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वल्प
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रसज्जतेbecomes attached / clings
प्रसज्जते:
TypeVerb
Rootसज्ज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सन्धि-विग्रह-योगेin the matter of peace and war (and their management)
सन्धि-विग्रह-योगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसन्धि-विग्रह-योग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुतःwhence?/how (could there be)?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्वतन्त्रताindependence
स्वतन्त्रता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वतन्त्रता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that political power does not equal personal freedom: a king is structurally dependent on ministers, allies, enemies, resources, and circumstances, so he should govern with restraint and realism rather than imagining absolute autonomy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira, emphasizing the constraints of kingship—especially in decisions of peace and war—and warning against attachment to even minor pleasures or choices.