Shloka 713

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

अदृश्यन्तार्यवर्णेषु शूद्राक्षापि तपोधना: । दानवोंके यहाँ जो व्यापारी हैं, वे सदा दूसरोंका धन ठग लेनेका ही विचार रखते हैं तथा ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय और वैश्योंमें शूद्र भी मिलकर तपोधन बन बैठे हैं

Transliteration

śakra uvāca | adṛśyantāryavarṇeṣu śūdrākṣā api tapodhanāḥ |

Translation

Śakra disse: «Entre as classes tidas por “nobres”, vê-se até mesmo aqueles marcados como Śūdra tornarem-se “ricos em austeridade” — pessoas de verdadeiro mérito ascético. Assim, os rótulos sociais exteriores não indicam com segurança a virtude interior; o valor autêntico revela-se pela disciplina e pela conduta, não pelo nascimento nem pela aparência».

Word by Word

• अदृश्यन्त: were seen / appeared
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• आर्यवर्णेषु: among the Arya varṇas (higher classes)
• आर्यवर्णेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्यवर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• शूद्राः: Śūdras
• शूद्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अपि: also / even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• तपोधनाः: those whose wealth is austerity; ascetics
• तपोधनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपोधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Ārya-varṇas (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya implied)
• Śūdra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse stresses that spiritual excellence (tapas and disciplined conduct) can be found irrespective of social designation; ethical and ascetic merit is not guaranteed by ‘noble’ birth and can arise even where society least expects it.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) is making an observation about society and dharma: within the recognized varṇas, people identified as Śūdras are also seen as tapodhanas, highlighting the mismatch between external status and inner virtue.