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Shloka 24

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

दत्त्वातिथिभ्यो देवेभ्य: पितृभ्य: स्वजनाय च । अवशिष्टानि ये<श्रन्ति तानाहुर्विघसाशिन:

dattvātithibhyo devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ svajanāya ca | avaśiṣṭāni yeśnanti tān āhur vighasāśinaḥ ||

Depois de oferecer alimento aos hóspedes, aos deuses, aos ancestrais e aos próprios parentes, aqueles que comem apenas o que sobra são chamados “vighasāśins”. O verso louva uma ética doméstica disciplinada: honrar primeiro as obrigações divinas e ancestrais, praticar a hospitalidade e cuidar da família antes de tudo, para que a própria porção seja tomada por último e sem egoísmo.

दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
अतिथिभ्यःto guests
अतिथिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
देवेभ्यःto the gods
देवेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
पितृभ्यःto the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितृभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
स्वजनायto one’s own people/family
स्वजनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वजन
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवशिष्टानिthe remaining (leftover things/food)
अवशिष्टानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअवशिष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्नन्तिeat
अश्नन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (भक्षणे)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey call / they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रूवणे)
FormPerfect (Lit), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
विघसाशिनःleftover-eaters (those who eat what remains last)
विघसाशिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघसाशिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Atithi (guest)
D
Deva (gods)
P
Pitṛ (ancestors)
S
Svajana (kinsmen/family)
V
Vighasāśin (one who eats leftovers)

Educational Q&A

Serve and honor guests, gods, ancestors, and family before oneself; eating only what remains symbolizes self-restraint and prioritizing dharma over personal appetite.

The speaker defines the term ‘vighasāśin’ by describing a disciplined household practice: distributing food first to those owed reverence and care, and only then consuming the remainder.