Shloka 22

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

Devanagari script

एतद्‌ विदुस्तपो विप्रा द्वन्द्ातीता विमत्सरा: । तस्माद्‌ व्रतं मध्यमं तु लोकेषु तप उच्यते

Transliteration

etad vidus tapo viprā dvandvātītā vimatsarāḥ | tasmād vrataṁ madhyamaṁ tu lokeṣu tapa ucyate ||

Translation

Os brâmanes que transcenderam todos os pares de opostos e estão livres de inveja compreendem que só isto é a verdadeira austeridade. Por isso, embora no uso comum os votos (vrata) também sejam chamados de “austeridade”, são tidos como de grau mediano quando comparados com a disciplina mais elevada: a equanimidade interior e o cumprimento desinteressado dos deveres sagrados.

Word by Word

• {'etad': 'this (very thing)', 'viduḥ': 'know, understand (perfect/preterite sense: ‘have known’)', 'tapaḥ': 'austerity

• disciplined self-restraint', 'viprāḥ': 'Brahmins

• learned sages', 'dvandvātītāḥ': 'those who have gone beyond dualities (pleasure/pain, gain/loss, honor/dishonor, etc.)', 'vimatsarāḥ': 'free from matsara (envy, jealousy, spite)', 'tasmāt': 'therefore, for that reason', 'vratam': 'vow

• self-imposed rule', 'madhyamam': 'middling

• intermediate in rank', 'tu': 'but

• indeed (contrast/emphasis)', 'lokeṣu': 'in the world

• among people', 'ucyate': 'is called

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• viprāḥ (Brahmins)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True tapas is primarily inner: freedom from envy and transcendence of dualities. External vows may be called austerity, but they are secondary unless grounded in inner equanimity and purity of intent.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna articulates a doctrinal point within the Shanti Parva’s ethical instruction: he reports what wise Brahmins regard as genuine austerity, contrasting inner transformation with merely external observances.