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Shloka 15

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

ईहन्ते सर्वभूतानि तदिदं कर्मसंज्ञितम्‌ । सिद्धिक्षेत्रमिदं पुण्यमयमेवाश्रमो महान्‌

īhante sarvabhūtāni tad idaṃ karmasaṃjñitam | siddhikṣetram idaṃ puṇyamayam evāśramo mahān |

Arjuna disse: “Todos os seres se esforçam e se empenham—isto é o que se chama ‘ação’ (karma). Esta esfera sagrada de realização é o grande āśrama: a vida do chefe de família, onde se assumem os deveres védicos—especialmente o sacrifício. Os Vedas ensinam firmemente esses ritos, e os sábios declaram que as ações alcançam sua plenitude por meio dos mantras védicos; portanto, ao realizá-los, obtêm-se aqui os resultados desejados e o caminho que conduz ao céu. Assim, a maioria das criaturas se empenha, tanto quanto pode, em completar os sacrifícios marcados pelo tempo—meses, quinzenas, estações, o sol, a lua e as estrelas. A execução de tais sacrifícios é chamada karma, e o lugar onde se realizam—o gṛhastha-āśrama—é o campo meritório do êxito e o maior dos āśramas.”

ईहन्तेthey strive/endeavour
ईहन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootईह् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, बहुवचन
सर्वभूतानिall beings
सर्वभूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदं (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन
कर्मसंज्ञितम्called ‘karma’
कर्मसंज्ञितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्मसंज्ञित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सिद्धिक्षेत्रम्field/place of success
सिद्धिक्षेत्रम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसिद्धिक्षेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदं (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पुण्यमयम्full of merit/holy
पुण्यमयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्यमय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसक, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आश्रमःāśrama (stage of life)
आश्रमः:
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
V
Veda
S
sages (munis)
G
gṛhastha-āśrama (householder stage)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
M
mantra
S
svarga (heaven)
M
māsa (month)
P
pakṣa (fortnight)
ṛtu (season)
S
sūrya (sun)
C
candra (moon)
T
tārāḥ (stars)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames ‘karma’ as the universal striving of beings, and then narrows it to Vedic duty—especially yajña—performed with mantras. It elevates the gṛhastha-āśrama as the primary, merit-filled ‘field of accomplishment’ because it is the social and ritual setting where these duties are actually carried out and where desired results (including the path to svarga) are pursued.

In the Śānti Parva’s discourse on dharma and right conduct, Arjuna speaks about the nature of action and the religious life. He explains why householdership is considered the greatest āśrama: it sustains Vedic rites and time-bound sacrifices linked to cosmic cycles (months, seasons, sun, moon, stars), which most beings attempt to perform to the best of their capacity.