Shloka 30

Dyūta-kathā-praśnaḥ — Inquiry into the Dice-Game Calamity

Devanagari script

भ्रातुर्ज्येष्स्य वचनं पाण्डवा: संनिशम्य तत्‌ | तमेव समवर्तन्त धर्मराजहिते रता:,अपने बड़े भाईकी वह बात सुनकर सब पाण्डव उन्हींके हितमें तत्पर हो सदा उनका ही अनुसरण करने लगे

Transliteration

bhrātur jyeṣṭhasya vacanaṃ pāṇḍavāḥ saṃniśamya tat | tameva samavartanta dharmarāja-hite ratāḥ ||

Translation

Disse Vaiśampāyana: Tendo ouvido as palavras de seu irmão mais velho, os Pāṇḍavas alinharam-se somente com ele. Devotados ao bem-estar de Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira), continuaram a seguir sua liderança, colocando o bem dele acima de seus próprios impulsos.

Word by Word

• भ्रातुः: of (their) brother
• भ्रातुः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• ज्येष्ठस्य: of the eldest
• ज्येष्ठस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• वचनम्: speech/words
• वचनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पाण्डवाः: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• संनिशम्य: having heard/after listening
• संनिशम्य: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + नि + शम्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage as gerund)

• तत्: that (statement)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• समवर्तन्त: they followed/they conformed
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + वृत्
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), Ātmanepada, Third, Plural

• धर्मराजहिते: in the welfare of Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)
• धर्मराजहिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज-हित
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• रताः: devoted/engaged
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Pāṇḍavas
• eldest brother (Yudhiṣṭhira/Dharmarāja)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights ethical family order and political prudence: younger brothers uphold dharma by listening to the eldest and acting for the righteous king’s welfare, prioritizing unity and disciplined obedience over personal preference.

What is happening in the narrative?

After hearing their eldest brother’s counsel, the Pāṇḍavas choose to follow him consistently, showing that their actions are guided by concern for Dharmarāja’s good and by commitment to his leadership.