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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 8: Saṃprahāra-varṇana and Bhīma–Kṣemadhūrti Dvipa-Yuddha

Combat Description and Elephant Duel

धृतराष्ट्र रवाच संजयाधिरथिरीर: सिंहद्विरदविक्रम: । वृषभप्रतिमस्कन्धो वृषभाक्षगतिश्नचरन्‌

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca sañjaya adhirathīraḥ siṃha-dvirada-vikramaḥ | vṛṣabha-pratima-skandho vṛṣabhākṣa-gatiś caran ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra disse: “Sañjaya, Karṇa —o valente filho de Adhiratha— movia-se no campo de batalha com o ímpeto de um leão e de um elefante. Seus ombros eram como os de um touro; seus olhos e seu andar também eram taurinos. Por fazer chover dádivas, ele próprio era tido como um vṛṣabha, um touro. Em meio ao estrondo das armas, mesmo ao defrontar um inimigo semelhante a Indra, jamais recuava do combate. Estava na juventude, e seu corpo era tão firme como se tivesse sido forjado do vajra.”

धृतराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
सञ्जयO Sañjaya
सञ्जय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसञ्जय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अधिरथिःthe son of Adhiratha (Karna)
अधिरथिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधिरथि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वीरःhero, brave man
वीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सिंह-द्विरद-विक्रमःhaving the prowess of a lion and an elephant
सिंह-द्विरद-विक्रमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसिंह + द्विरद + विक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृषभ-प्रतिम-स्कन्धःwhose shoulders are like a bull's
वृषभ-प्रतिम-स्कन्धः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृषभ + प्रतिम + स्कन्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृषभ-अक्ष-गति-श्चरन्moving with bull-like eyes and gait
वृषभ-अक्ष-गति-श्चरन्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवृषभ + अक्ष + गति + चर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Present active participle (शतृ)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa
A
Adhiratha
B
battlefield (raṇabhūmi, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the kṣatriya ideal of steadfast courage: a warrior should not retreat when duty calls, even before a formidable opponent. It also frames martial excellence through controlled strength and reputation—valor joined to an identity shaped by generosity and resolve.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra addresses Sañjaya and asks/reflects upon Karṇa’s qualities. He describes Karṇa’s physical power and battlefield bearing through animal similes (lion, elephant, bull), emphasizing his fearlessness and unyielding presence in combat.