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Shloka 52

गुरूणामवमानो हि वध इत्यभिधीयते । “अतः भूपाल! अर्जुनने अपनी उस सच्ची प्रतिज्ञाकी रक्षा करते हुए मेरी आज्ञासे आपका यह अपमान किया; क्योंकि गुरुजनोंका अपमान ही उनका वध कहा जाता है ।।

gurūṇām avamāno hi vadha ity abhidhīyate |

Disse Sañjaya: “Pois desonrar os mais velhos e os mestres é, por si, chamado uma espécie de ‘matança’. Portanto, ó rei, Arjuna—enquanto resguardava seu voto verdadeiro—por minha ordem infligiu-te esta humilhação; porque insultar os veneráveis gurus é tido como a sua destruição.”

गुरूणाम्of the elders/teachers
गुरूणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अवमानःdisrespect/insult
अवमानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअवमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
वधःkilling/slaying
वधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अभिधीयतेis called/said
अभिधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-धा
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
G
gurus/elders (guravaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames disrespect toward gurus/elders as a grave moral injury—so severe it is metaphorically equated with killing—highlighting the ethical weight of reverence and restraint even amid conflict.

Sañjaya explains that Arjuna’s act of humiliating a king/opponent is presented as compelled by duty: he is protecting a truthful vow and acting under instruction, while the text underscores that humiliating revered elders is tantamount to destroying them.