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Shloka 51

“जो अर्जुनसे यह कह दे कि “तुम्हें अपना गाण्डीवधनुष दूसरेको दे देना चाहिये” वह मनुष्य इस जगतमें उनका वध्य है।” आपने आज अर्जुनसे ऐसी ही बात कह दी है ।।

tataḥ satyāṃ pratijñāṃ tāṃ pārthena pratirakṣatā | macchandād avamāno ’yaṃ kṛtas tava mahīpate ||

Disse Sañjaya: “Então, ó rei, enquanto Pārtha resguardava aquele voto verdadeiro, esta afronta foi cometida por ti, contra a minha vontade.” A observação aponta uma falha moral: o solene juramento de Arjuna acerca do seu Gāṇḍīva está sendo provado, e as palavras do rei são enquadradas como um insulto que ultrapassa o limite ético traçado por esse voto.

ततःthereupon/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')
सत्याम्in (its being) true
सत्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
प्रतिज्ञाम्vow/promise
प्रतिज्ञाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिज्ञा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ताम्that
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पार्थेनby Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थेन:
Karana
TypeNoun (proper epithet)
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रतिरक्षताis being protected/guarded
प्रतिरक्षता:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-रक्ष्
FormPresent, Active, 3rd person, Singular
मत्-छन्दात्from my wish/at my desire
मत्-छन्दात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootमत् + छन्द
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अवमानःinsult/disrespect
अवमानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअवमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतःdone/made
कृतः:
TypeVerb (past passive participle)
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (PPP)
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
महीपतेO king (lord of the earth)
महीपते:
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootमहीपतिः
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
P
Partha (Arjuna)
M
Mahipati (the king, Dhritarashtra by context)
G
Gandiva (Arjuna’s bow)

Educational Q&A

A truthful vow (pratijñā) creates a binding ethical boundary; speech that provokes or violates that boundary becomes an act of dishonor (avamāna) with serious consequences, especially in a dharma-centered warrior context.

Sanjaya reports to the king that Arjuna is upholding a solemn pledge connected with his Gandiva, and he characterizes the king’s statement as an affront made contrary to Sanjaya’s counsel—escalating tension around the vow’s implications.