Shloka 25

Devanagari script

निशम्य तत्‌ पार्थवचोडब्रवीदिदं धनंजयं धर्मभूतां वरिष्ठ:

Transliteration

niśamya tat pārthavaco ’bravīd idaṃ dhanañjayaṃ dharmabhūtāṃ variṣṭhaḥ | “pārtha! rājānaṃ yudhiṣṭhiraṃ ‘tvam’ iti bruvan kathaṃ tvaṃ ghore duḥkhe nimagno ’si? śatrusūdana! kim ātmaghātaṃ kartum icchasi? kirīṭin vīra! sādhu-puruṣāḥ kadācana naivam ācariṣyan” iti ||

Translation

Disse Sañjaya: Ouvindo as palavras de Pārtha (Arjuna), Śrī Kṛṣṇa—o mais eminente entre os justos—falou a Dhanañjaya: “Pārtha, por que te afundas em tão terrível pesar apenas porque chamaste o rei Yudhiṣṭhira por ‘tu’? Ó destruidor de inimigos, desejas aniquilar a ti mesmo? Ó herói de diadema, os bons e nobres jamais agiram assim.”

Word by Word

• निशम्य: having heard
• निशम्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-शम् (धातु: शम्/शमुँ) → निशम् (श्रवणे/अवधारणे)
• Form: ल्यप् (क्त्वा-प्रत्ययार्थक अव्यय), कर्तरि, having heard

• तत्: that (speech/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पार्थ: O son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
• पार्थ: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• वचः: speech, words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उवाच: said, spoke
• उवाच: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• धनञ्जयम्: Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
• धनञ्जयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनञ्जय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मभूतानाम्: of the righteous (those whose nature is dharma)
• धर्मभूतानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मभूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• वरिष्ठः: the best, the foremost
• वरिष्ठः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of वृ/वर)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna (Pārtha, Dhanañjaya, Śatrusūdana, Kirīṭin)
• Kṛṣṇa
• Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Kṛṣṇa restrains Arjuna from collapsing into despair and from any thought of self-harm, emphasizing that momentary lapses in etiquette or speech should not lead to destructive guilt; noble conduct requires steadiness, self-command, and proportional response.

What is happening in the narrative?

After Arjuna speaks in a way that troubles him—addressing Yudhiṣṭhira too familiarly—he is overwhelmed by remorse. Sañjaya reports that Kṛṣṇa, described as foremost among the righteous, rebukes and steadies Arjuna, questioning his plunge into grief and warning that the virtuous do not resort to self-destruction.