Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 296

भीष्मस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति उपालम्भः

Bhīṣma’s Reproof to Duryodhana

अन्तमद्य गमिष्यामि यदि नोत्सूजसे रणम्‌ | तदनन्तर क्रूर घटोत्कच क्रोधसे लाल आँखें करके दुर्योधनसे बोला--'ओ दुष्ट! आज मैं अपने उन पितरों और माताके ऋणसे उऋण हो जाऊँगा

antam adya gamiṣyāmi yadi notsṛjase raṇam |

Sañjaya disse: “Hoje eu te levarei ao teu fim, se não abandonares a batalha.” Em seguida, o feroz Ghaṭotkaca—com os olhos avermelhados de ira—dirigiu-se a Duryodhana: “Desgraçado! Hoje pagarei a dívida que devo aos meus antepassados e à minha mãe, a quem obrigaste a suportar longos anos de exílio na floresta. És cruel e de juízo perverso. Venceste os Pāṇḍavas com fraude no jogo de dados; arrastaste Kṛṣṇā, filha de Drupada, vestida com uma única peça e em seu tempo, para dentro da assembleia real e a submeteste a múltiplas humilhações; e o ímpio rei de Sindhu, desejoso de agradar-te, insultou os meus ao raptar Draupadī de seu eremitério. Ó vergonha da tua linhagem—se não fugires do campo, hoje exigirei vingança por esses ultrajes e por todas as tuas outras opressões.”

अन्तम्end, limit
अन्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
गमिष्यामिI shall go / reach
गमिष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उत्सृजसेyou abandon / give up
उत्सृजसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउत्सृज्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 2nd, Singular, Ātmanepada
रणम्battle, war
रणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तत्then/that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अनन्तरम्after that, thereafter
अनन्तरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनन्तर
क्रूरcruel (O ...)
क्रूर:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रूर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
घटोत्कचO Ghaṭotkaca
घटोत्कच:
TypeNoun
Rootघटोत्कच
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
क्रोधसेwith anger
क्रोधसे:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
लालred
लाल:
TypeAdjective
Rootलाल
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
आखेंeyes
आखें:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual
करकेhaving made / making
करके:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Parasmaipada
दुर्योधनसेfrom/at Duryodhana
दुर्योधनसे:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
बोलाsaid/spoke
बोला:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPerfect/Preterite (contextual Hindi rendering), 3rd, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
G
Ghaṭotkaca
D
Duryodhana
P
Pāṇḍavas
D
Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā, Drupadakumārī)
D
Drupada
S
Sindhurāja (Jayadratha)
A
ancestors (pitaras)
M
mother (mātā)
D
dice-game (dyūta)
R
royal assembly (sabhā)
H
hermitage (āśrama)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames war as the moral consequence of sustained adharma: deceit in the dice-game, public humiliation of a woman, and abuse of power generate a demand for accountability. It also highlights the idea of ṛṇa (obligation)—a warrior’s duty to repay moral debts to family and lineage by defending honor and rectifying grave wrongs.

Sañjaya reports a moment on the battlefield where Ghaṭotkaca, enraged, threatens Duryodhana with death unless he abandons the fight. He justifies his vow by recalling key Kaurava offenses: the rigged dice defeat of the Pāṇḍavas, Draupadī’s humiliation in the assembly, and Jayadratha’s abduction attempt—presenting the coming violence as retribution for these acts.