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Shloka 3

Daśame’hani Bhīṣma-yuddham — Śikhaṇḍī-rakṣaṇa, Arjuna-prabhāva, Duryodhana-āśraya-vākyam

तावुभौ रथिनौ संख्ये हृष्टो सिंहाविवोत्कटौ । कथं समीयतुर्यत्तौ भारद्वाजधनंजयौ,उस दिन संग्रामभूमिमें दो प्रचण्ड सिंहोंकी भाँति हर्ष और उत्साहमें भरे हुए वे दोनों रथी द्रोणाचार्य और धनंजय किस प्रकार प्रयत्नपूर्वक एक-दूसरेसे युद्ध करते थे?

tāv ubhau rathinau saṅkhye hṛṣṭau siṃhāv ivotkaṭau | kathaṃ samīyatur yattau bhāradvāja-dhanaṃjayau ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra disse: “No campo de batalha, aqueles dois grandes guerreiros de carro—Bhāradvāja (Droṇa) e Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna)—exultantes e ferozes como dois leões poderosos, como avançaram um contra o outro e se empenharam em lutar?”

तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
रथिनौtwo chariot-warriors
रथिनौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
हृष्टौdelighted, exhilarated
हृष्टौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
सिंहौtwo lions
सिंहौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उत्कटौfierce, formidable
उत्कटौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्कट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
समीयतुःthey approached/closed in (to fight)
समीयतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-इ
FormImperfect (Lan), Third, Dual, Parasmaipada
यत्तौstriving, intent, exerting themselves
यत्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भारद्वाजthe Bharadvāja-descendant (Droṇa)
भारद्वाज:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootभारद्वाज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
धनंजयौDhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयौ:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
D
Droṇācārya (Bhāradvāja)
A
Arjuna (Dhanaṃjaya)
R
ratha (chariot)
S
saṅkhya/raṇabhūmi (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the intensity and moral complexity of dharma-yuddha: even revered relationships (teacher and disciple) can be drawn into rightful yet painful conflict when duty to one’s side and the demands of war prevail.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya to describe how Droṇa (called Bhāradvāja) and Arjuna (called Dhanaṃjaya), both exhilarated and formidable like lions, approached each other and fought with determined effort on the battlefield.