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Shloka 42

Adhyāya 152 — Bhīṣma’s Authorization for Yudhiṣṭhira’s Return to the Capital (नगरप्रवेशानुज्ञा)

परुषाण्यपि चोक्ता या दृष्टा दृष्टेन चक्षुषा । सुप्रसन्नमुखी भर्तुर्या नारी सा पतिव्रता

paruṣāṇy api coktā yā dṛṣṭā dṛṣṭena cakṣuṣā | suprasannamukhī bhartur yā nārī sā pativratā ||

Disse Mahādeva: Mesmo quando o marido fala com aspereza, ou mesmo quando a fita com um olhar que procura defeitos, a mulher que ainda assim mantém diante dele um semblante sereno e alegre—graciosa e inabalável—deve ser conhecida como pativratā, esposa firme no voto de fidelidade e na conduta devota. O verso apresenta tal firmeza não como mera conformidade exterior, mas como uma disciplina ética: constância no serviço e na boa vontade dentro do matrimônio.

परुषाणिharsh (words/things)
परुषाणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उक्ताspoken/said
उक्ता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (धातु) → उक्त (कृदन्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
याwho/which (woman)
या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दृष्टाseen/looked at
दृष्टा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दृष्टेनby a look / by (faulty) glance
दृष्टेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
चक्षुषाwith the eye
चक्षुषा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सुप्रसन्नमुखीhaving a very cheerful face
सुप्रसन्नमुखी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्रसन्नमुखी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भर्तुःof the husband
भर्तुः:
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
याwho (woman)
या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नारीwoman
नारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
साshe/that (woman)
सा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पतिव्रताdevoted-to-husband (a faithful wife)
पतिव्रता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतिव्रता (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrīmahēśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
B
bhartṛ (husband)
N
nārī (wife)
P
pativratā (the ideal of wifely devotion)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines pativratā-dharma as steadfastness and gracious composure toward one’s husband even under provocation—harsh speech or a critical look—presenting inner restraint and constancy as the ethical hallmark of devoted marital conduct.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Śrīmahēśvara (Mahādeva) is speaking in a prescriptive, moral-register voice, offering a criterion by which a woman is recognized as pativratā: her unwavering, serene demeanor toward her husband despite unpleasant treatment.