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Shloka 12

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

वहतां सुमहाभारं संनिकर्षे स्वनं प्रभो । नृणां च संवाहयतां श्रूयते विविध: स्वन:

vahatāṃ sumahābhāraṃ saṃnikarṣe svanaṃ prabho | nṛṇāṃ ca saṃvāhayatāṃ śrūyate vividhaḥ svanaḥ ||

“Senhor, ouço bem perto o estrondo de uma carroça que leva um fardo imensamente pesado. Ouço também os muitos gritos e chamados dos homens que a conduzem. Quando tal ruído cai em meus ouvidos, sou tomado pelo medo de que a carroça venha e me esmague; por isso fujo daqui às pressas. Vede—estala o chicote sobre os bois, e eles vêm para cá, ofegantes sob o grande peso.”

वहताम्of (those) carrying
वहताम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeVerb
Rootवह् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
सुमहाभारम्a very great load/burden
सुमहाभारम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootसुमहाभार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन
संनिकर्षेin proximity/at close range
संनिकर्षे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिकर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, सप्तमी, एकवचन
स्वनम्sound, noise
स्वनम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootस्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन
प्रभोO lord!
प्रभो:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संवाहयताम्of (those) driving/transporting (carrying along)
संवाहयताम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + वह् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
श्रूयतेis heard
श्रूयते:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन, कर्मणि (passive sense)
विविधःvarious, manifold
विविधः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वनःsound/noise
स्वनः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootस्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

कीट उवाच

K
kīṭa (the insect/small creature, speaker)
P
prabhu (addressed lord/master)
C
cart/vehicle (gāḍī implied by context)
O
oxen/bulls (draft animals, implied by context)
W
whip (implied by context)
M
men/drivers (nṛṇām)

Educational Q&A

Even the smallest beings experience fear and seek safety; dharma therefore includes attentiveness and compassion so that human activity does not harm the vulnerable—whether by negligence (a cart crushing a creature) or by cruelty (whipping overburdened oxen).

The speaker, a small creature (kīṭa), tells a lord/master that it hears the nearby rumble of a heavily loaded cart and the varied shouts of the men driving it; fearing it may be crushed, it runs away, while also noting the whip striking the oxen and their labored breathing under the load.