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Shloka 26

Karma-yoga Discipline for the Twice-born: Upanayana, Upavīta Conduct, Guru-veneration, and Alms-regimen

उपाध्यायः पिता ज्येष्ठो भ्राता चैव महीपतिः / मातुलः श्वशुरस्त्राता मातामहपितामहौ / वर्णज्येष्ठः पितृव्यश्च पुंसो ऽत्र गुरवः स्मृताः

upādhyāyaḥ pitā jyeṣṭho bhrātā caiva mahīpatiḥ / mātulaḥ śvaśurastrātā mātāmahapitāmahau / varṇajyeṣṭhaḥ pitṛvyaśca puṃso 'tra guravaḥ smṛtāḥ

Neste assunto, o mestre (upādhyāya), o pai, o irmão mais velho e o rei são considerados gurus. Do mesmo modo, o tio materno, o sogro, o protetor, o avô materno e o avô paterno, bem como o mais velho segundo a ordem de varṇa e o tio paterno—todos estes são declarados gurus de um homem.

upādhyāyaḥteacher/preceptor
upādhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootupādhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
pitāfather
pitā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (पितृ-शब्द)
jyeṣṭhaḥelder (brother)
jyeṣṭhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjyeṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ज्येष्ठः (elder, esp. elder brother)
bhrātābrother
bhrātā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (भ्रातृ-शब्द)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक-अव्यय
mahī-patiḥking (lord of the earth)
mahī-patiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahī + pati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'महीनां पतिः'
mātulaḥmaternal uncle
mātulaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmātula (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
śvaśuraḥfather-in-law
śvaśuraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśvaśura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
trātāprotector
trātā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक (protector)
mātāmaha-pitāmahaumaternal grandfather and paternal grandfather
mātāmaha-pitāmahau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmātāmaha + pitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व
varṇa-jyeṣṭhaḥone senior by social class/varṇa
varṇa-jyeṣṭhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṇa + jyeṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'वर्णेषु ज्येष्ठः' (senior by varṇa)
pitṛvyaḥpaternal uncle
pitṛvyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛvya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय
puṃsaḥof a man
puṃsaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootpuṃs (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
atrahere
atra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place: here/in this context)
guravaḥelders/teachers
guravaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
smṛtāḥare said/are considered
smṛtāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगार्थ (are considered)

Traditional narrator within the Kurma Purana (Dharma-instruction passage; speaker not explicitly marked in the provided verse)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

U
Upadhyaya
F
Father
E
Elder brother
K
King (Mahipati)
M
Maternal uncle (Matula)
F
Father-in-law (Shvashura)
P
Protector (Trata)
M
Maternal grandfather (Matamaha)
P
Paternal grandfather (Pitamaha)
V
Varna-jyeshtha
P
Paternal uncle (Pitruvya)

FAQs

This verse is primarily dharma-oriented: it defines the human authorities to be revered as “gurus.” Indirectly, it supports Atman-realization by establishing humility, discipline, and reverence—ethical foundations that stabilize the mind for higher knowledge taught in the Kurma Purana’s spiritual sections.

No specific technique (āsana, prāṇāyāma, dhyāna) is taught in this verse. Its yogic contribution is preparatory: honoring the guru and senior guardians is presented as a dharmic discipline that purifies conduct (ācāra-śuddhi), which the Kurma Purana treats as supportive to yoga and mantra-based devotion in later teachings.

It does not directly discuss Shiva–Vishnu unity. However, by emphasizing “guru” as a principle embodied in teachers, rulers, and elders, it aligns with the Kurma Purana’s broader synthesis where divine wisdom (whether framed in Shaiva or Vaishnava idiom) is approached through disciplined reverence and right conduct.