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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 2

The Six Dvīpas Beyond Jambūdvīpa and the Cosmic Boundary of Lokāloka

जम्बूद्वीपोऽयं यावत्प्रमाणविस्तारस्तावता क्षारोदधिना परिवेष्टितो यथा मेरुर्जम्ब्वाख्येन लवणोदधिरपि ततो द्विगुणविशालेन प्लक्षाख्येन परिक्षिप्तो यथा परिखा बाह्योपवनेन । प्लक्षो जम्बूप्रमाणो द्वीपाख्याकरो हिरण्मय उत्थितो यत्राग्निरुपास्ते सप्तजिह्वस्तस्याधिपति: प्रियव्रतात्मज इध्मजिह्व: स्वं द्वीपं सप्तवर्षाणि विभज्य सप्तवर्षनामभ्य आत्मजेभ्य आकलय्य स्वयमात्मयोगेनोपरराम ॥ २ ॥

jambūdvīpo ’yaṁ yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāras tāvatā kṣārodadhinā pariveṣṭito yathā merur jambv-ākhyena lavaṇodadhir api tato dvi-guṇa-viśālena plakṣākhyena parikṣipto yathā parikhā bāhyopavanena; plakṣo jambū-pramāṇo dvīpākhyākaro hiraṇmaya utthito yatrāgnir upāste sapta-jihvas tasyādhipatiḥ priyavratātmaja idhmajihvaḥ svaṁ dvīpaṁ sapta-varṣāṇi vibhajya sapta-varṣa-nāmabhya ātmajebhya ākalayya svayam ātma-yogenopararāma.

Jambūdvīpa é circundada por um oceano de água salgada (kṣāra-udadhi) cuja largura é igual à de Jambūdvīpa. E esse oceano salgado, por sua vez, é rodeado por Plakṣadvīpa, duas vezes mais amplo, como um fosso em torno de uma fortaleza que, por fora, é cercado por uma floresta semelhante a um jardim. Plakṣadvīpa tem a mesma medida de Jambūdvīpa; ali ergue-se uma árvore plakṣa resplandecente como ouro, e em sua raiz é venerado um fogo de sete línguas. O governante dessa ilha foi Idhmajihva, filho do Mahārāja Priyavrata. Ele dividiu sua ilha em sete varṣas, deu a essas regiões os nomes de seus sete filhos, repartiu-as entre eles e, então, retirou-se pela ioga interior, dedicando-se ao serviço devocional do Senhor.

jambūdvīpaḥJambūdvīpa
jambūdvīpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootjambūdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ayamthis
ayam:
Karta-sahacara (कर्ता-सहचर/Deictic)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun
yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāraḥhaving such-and-such extent of measure
yāvat-pramāṇa-vistāraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootyāvat-pramāṇa-vistāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to jambūdvīpaḥ; tatpuruṣa chain: yāvat + pramāṇa + vistāra
tāvatāby that much
tāvatā:
Pramāṇa (प्रमाण/Measure modifier)
TypeAdjective
Roottāvat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka/puṁliṅga instrumental singular used adverbially; Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; correlating with yāvat
kṣāra-udadhi-nāby the salt ocean
kṣāra-udadhi-nā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣāra-udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: kṣāra + udadhi
pariveṣṭitaḥis surrounded
pariveṣṭitaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-veṣṭ (धातु)
FormKta (PPP), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of jambūdvīpaḥ
yathājust as
yathā:
Upamāna-sūcaka (उपमानसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (comparative ‘just as’)
meruḥMount Meru
meruḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmeru (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
jambū-ākhyenacalled Jambū
jambū-ākhyena:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjambū-ākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: jambū + ākhya (‘named Jambū’)
lavaṇa-udadhiḥthe salt ocean
lavaṇa-udadhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootlavaṇa-udadhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (particle: also/even)
tataḥthereafter/from that
tataḥ:
Apādāna/Anukrama (अपादान/अनुक्रम)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb): ‘from that/thereafter’
dvi-guṇa-viśālenaby (one) twice as broad
dvi-guṇa-viśālena:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi-guṇa-viśāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa chain: dvi + guṇa + viśāla (‘twice as wide’)
plakṣa-ākhyenacalled Plakṣa
plakṣa-ākhyena:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootplakṣa-ākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; ‘named Plakṣa’
parikṣiptaḥis encircled
parikṣiptaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootpari-kṣip (धातु)
FormKta (PPP), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate (of lavaṇodadhiḥ understood)
yathāas
yathā:
Upamāna-sūcaka (उपमानसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
FormComparative indeclinable
parikhāa moat
parikhā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootparikhā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
bāhya-upavanenaby an outer grove
bāhya-upavanena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbāhya-upavana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka/puṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya: bāhya + upavana (‘outer garden/grove’)
plakṣaḥPlakṣa (island)
plakṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootplakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
jambū-pramāṇaḥequal in size to Jambū
jambū-pramāṇaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjambū-pramāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to plakṣaḥ; tatpuruṣa: jambū + pramāṇa (‘of Jambū’s measure’)
dvīpa-ākhyā-karaḥthe name-giver of the island
dvīpa-ākhyā-karaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvīpa-ākhyā-kara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: dvīpa + ākhyā + kara (‘giving the island its name’)
hiraṇmayaḥgolden
hiraṇmayaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roothiraṇmaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective to plakṣaḥ
utthitaḥarose/stands
utthitaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootut-sthā (धातु)
FormKta (PPP), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicate of plakṣaḥ
yatrawhere
yatra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Relative location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyatra (अव्यय)
FormRelative adverb (locative): ‘where’
agniḥfire (Agni)
agniḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
upāsteworships/serves
upāste:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-ās (धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Ātmanepada
sapta-jihvaḥseven-tongued
sapta-jihvaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsapta-jihva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; dvigu: sapta + jihvā; adjective to agniḥ
tasyaof that (island)
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
adhipatiḥthe ruler
adhipatiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootadhipati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
priyavrata-ātmajaḥson of Priyavrata
priyavrata-ātmajaḥ:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpriyavrata-ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: priyavrata + ātmaja
idhmajihvaḥIdhmajihva
idhmajihvaḥ:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootidhma-jihva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; proper name; tatpuruṣa: idhma + jihvā
svamhis own
svam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; possessive adjective to dvīpam
dvīpamisland
dvīpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
sapta-varṣāṇiseven regions (varṣas)
sapta-varṣāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsapta-varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुṁsaka, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; dvigu: sapta + varṣa
vibhajyahaving divided
vibhajya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-bhaj (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), ‘having divided’
sapta-varṣa-nāmabhyaḥto (his sons) bearing the names of the seven regions
sapta-varṣa-nāmabhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeAdjective
Rootsapta-varṣa-nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Caturthī vibhakti (dative, 4th), Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa chain: sapta + varṣa + nāman; used with ātmajebhyaḥ
ātmajebhyaḥto (his) sons
ātmajebhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Caturthī, Bahuvacana
ākalayyahaving allotted
ākalayya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-kal (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), ‘having assigned/apportioned’
svayamhimself
svayam:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (reflexive adverb): ‘himself’
ātma-yogenaby self-yoga (spiritual discipline)
ātma-yogena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootātma-yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ātma + yoga
upararāmaretired/ceased (from rule)
upararāma:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa-ram (धातु)
FormLiṭ-lakāra (perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada; meaning ‘ceased/retired’
M
Mount Meru
A
Agni (Saptajihva)
P
Priyavrata
I
Idhmajihva

FAQs

In Canto 5, Chapter 20, the Bhagavatam explains that Jambūdvīpa is surrounded by a salt ocean of equal breadth, and beyond it lies Plakṣa-dvīpa, which is twice as expansive and golden in appearance.

The verse identifies the fire-god as “Saptajihva,” meaning “seven-tongued,” describing Agni’s seven flames/tongues as he is worshiped on Plakṣa-dvīpa.

After responsibly delegating duties, Idhmajihva withdraws through ātma-yoga, teaching that leadership should culminate in detachment and inner spiritual practice rather than lifelong attachment to power.