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Shloka 4

Mārkaṇḍeya Ṛṣi Tested by Indra and Blessed by Nara-Nārāyaṇa

आहुश्चिरायुषमृषिं मृकण्डतनयं जना: । य: कल्पान्ते ह्युर्वरितो येन ग्रस्तमिदं जगत् ॥ २ ॥ स वा अस्मत्कुलोत्पन्न: कल्पेऽस्मिन् भार्गवर्षभ: । नैवाधुनापि भूतानां सम्प्लव: कोऽपि जायते ॥ ३ ॥ एक एवार्णवे भ्राम्यन् ददर्श पुरुषं किल । वटपत्रपुटे तोकं शयानं त्वेकमद्भ‍ुतम् ॥ ४ ॥ एष न: संशयो भूयान् सूत कौतूहलं यत: । तं नश्छिन्धि महायोगिन् पुराणेष्वपि सम्मत: ॥ ५ ॥

āhuś cirāyuṣam ṛṣiṁ mṛkaṇḍu-tanayaṁ janāḥ yaḥ kalpānte hy urvarito yena grastam idaṁ jagat

As autoridades dizem que o ṛṣi Mārkaṇḍeya, filho de Mṛkaṇḍu, foi um sábio de vida extraordinariamente longa, o único sobrevivente ao fim de um dia de Brahmā, quando o universo inteiro se fundiu no dilúvio da aniquilação. Contudo, esse mesmo Mārkaṇḍeya, o mais eminente descendente de Bhṛgu, nasceu em minha própria linhagem durante o dia atual de Brahmā, e até agora não vimos, neste dia, qualquer dissolução total. Também é bem conhecido que Mārkaṇḍeya, vagando sem amparo no grande oceano da destruição, viu naquelas águas terríveis uma Pessoa maravilhosa — um menino recém-nascido, deitado sozinho na dobra de uma folha de baniano. Ó Sūta, estou profundamente perplexo e cheio de curiosidade acerca desse grande sábio, o ṛṣi Mārkaṇḍeya. Ó grande yogī, és universalmente aceito como autoridade em todos os Purāṇas; portanto, por favor dissipa minha confusão.

एकःalone/one
एकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन; used substantively ‘alone/one’
एवonly
एव:
Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (restrictive particle)
अर्णवेin the ocean
अर्णवे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्णव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन
भ्राम्यन्wandering/drifting
भ्राम्यन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम् (धातु) → भ्राम्यत्/भ्राम्यन् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle/शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; concomitant action with ददर्श
ददर्शsaw
ददर्श:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
पुरुषम्a person
पुरुषम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन
किलindeed (it is said)
किल:
Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिल (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle) ‘indeed/it is said’
वट-पत्र-पुटेin the fold of a banyan leaf
वट-पत्र-पुटे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवट (प्रातिपदिक) + पत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + पुट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; समास: तत्पुरुष (determinative) ‘वटस्य पत्रस्य पुटः’ (a fold/cup of a banyan leaf)
तोकम्a baby/infant
तोकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन
शयानम्lying (reclining)
शयानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootशी (धातु) → शयान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; वर्तमान/कृदन्त (present middle participle sense) qualifying तोकम्
तुbut/and
तु:
Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (adversative/emphatic particle)
एकम्one (single)
एकम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण of तोकम्
अद्भुतम्wonderful/marvelous
अद्भुतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्भुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण of तोकम्

Lord Brahmā’s day, consisting of his 12 hours, lasts 4 billion 320 million years, and his night is of the same duration. Apparently Mārkaṇḍeya lived throughout one such day and night and in the following day of Brahmā continued living as the same Mārkaṇḍeya. It seems that when annihilation occurred during Brahmā’s night, the sage wandered throughout the fearful waters of destruction and saw within those waters an extraordinary personality lying on a banyan leaf. All of these mysteries concerning Mārkaṇḍeya will be clarified by Sūta Gosvāmī at the request of the great sages.

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
M
Mṛkaṇḍa
S
Sūta Gosvāmī
B
Bhṛgu (lineage reference)
T
The Supreme Person (Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa as the wondrous child)

FAQs

The “wondrous child” is the Supreme Lord (Viṣṇu/Nārāyaṇa), revealing His transcendence: even when the universe is dissolved, He remains, and all creation rests within Him.

They are puzzled by the tradition that Mārkaṇḍeya survived the end-of-kalpa devastation, even though he is said to be born in the current age—so they request Sūta, an accepted Purāṇic authority, to resolve the apparent contradiction.

It directs the mind from changing circumstances to the unchanging Lord—cultivating faith that the Supreme is the stable refuge beyond worldly “floods” of uncertainty and time.