Sutra 9

Devanagari script

यदि वा मन्येत प्रवर्षोष्णशीतमतिव्याधिप्रायमुपक्षीणाहारोपभोगं सैन्यव्यायामानां चाउपरोधिकं कार्यसाधनानामूनमतिरिक्तं वा कालं परश्चेष्टिष्यते विपरीतमहमित्येतस्मिन्विशेषे परिपणितकालं संधिमुपेयात् ॥ कZ_०७.६.०९ ॥

Transliteration

yadi vā manyeta pravarṣoṣṇaśītam ativyādhiprāyam upakṣīṇāhāropabhogaṃ sainyavyāyāmānāṃ cāuparodhikaṃ kāryasādhanānām ūnam atiriktaṃ vā kālaṃ paraś ceṣṭiṣyate viparītam aham ity etasmin viśeṣe paripaṇitakālaṃ saṃdhim upeyāt

Translation

Ou, se ele julgar que a outra parte terá de operar durante chuvas excessivas, calor ou frio extremos; em épocas propensas a doenças graves; com alimentos e suprimentos reduzidos; e em condições que dificultam o treinamento das tropas—enquanto ele próprio opera na janela temporal oposta (mais favorável)—então, com base nessa vantagem, deve firmar um tratado com prazo estipulado (fixando durações/períodos).

Word by Word

• यदि: if
• Type: Particle
• Root: यद्
• Form: conditional particle (nipāta)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: disjunctive particle

• मन्येत: should think / should consider
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (मन्यते)
• Form: 3rd person singular, optative (vidhi-liṅ), ātmanepada, parasmaipada? (class 4/10 usage: man- ‘to think’), present-system; ‘he should think/consider’

• प्रवर्ष: rainy season
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्
• Form: stem: प्रवर्ष-; in compound; denotes rainy season

• उष्ण: heat / hot season
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उष्ण
• Form: stem: उष्ण-; in compound; ‘hot (season/condition)’

• शीत: cold / cold season
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीत
• Form: stem: शीत-; in compound; ‘cold (season/condition)’

• अति: excessive / very much
• Type: Prefix/Particle
• Root: अति
• Form: upasarga/avyaya used as intensifier in compound

• व्याधि: disease
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याधि
• Form: stem: व्याधि-; in compound

• प्रायम्: mostly / predominantly
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: प्राय
• Form: accusative singular neuter (as adverbial: ‘mostly/for the most part’); in compound

• उपक्षीण: depleted / reduced
• Type: Participle
• Root: क्षि (क्षीयते) + उप
• Form: past passive participle (kṛdanta), ‘diminished/waned’; in compound

• आहार: food / provisions
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहार
• Form: stem: आहार-; in dvandva compound

• उपभोगम्: enjoyment / consumption / use (of comforts)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपभोग
• Form: accusative singular masculine; member of dvandva ‘āhāra-upabhoga’

• सैन्य: army / military
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: stem: सैन्य-; ‘of the army’; in compound

• व्यायामानाम्: of exercises / drills
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यायाम
• Form: genitive plural masculine; ‘of (military) exercises/drills’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: conjunction

• औपरोधिकम्: obstructive / causing hindrance
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपरोध
• Form: accusative singular neuter; derived adjective (taddhita) meaning ‘causing obstruction/impediment; obstructive’

• कार्य: task / undertaking
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ
• Form: stem: कार्य-; ‘task/operation’; in compound

• साधनानाम्: of means / resources / instruments
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधन
• Form: genitive plural neuter; ‘of means/instruments (for accomplishing tasks)’

• ऊनम्: insufficient / less (than needed)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊन
• Form: accusative singular neuter; predicative with कालम् (understood/coming)

• अतिरिक्तम्: excess / more (than needed)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिरिक्त
• Form: accusative singular neuter; predicative with कालम् (understood/coming)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: disjunctive particle

• कालम्: time / season / period
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: accusative singular masculine; object of ‘pariccheṣṭiṣyate’ (will strive for) / related to ‘paripaṇita-kāla’

• परः: the other (party) / the enemy
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: nominative singular masculine; subject ‘the other (party/enemy)’

• चेष्टिष्यते: will act / will make efforts / will attempt
• Type: Verb
• Root: चेष्ट् (चेष्टते)
• Form: 3rd person singular, simple future (luṭ), ātmanepada

• विपरीतम्: the opposite / contrary (to this)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विपरीत
• Form: accusative singular neuter; predicative/object complement (what is contrary)

• अहम्: I
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: nominative singular; ‘I’ (i.e., ‘I will…’) in quoted thought

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: quotative particle

• एतस्मिन्: in this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: locative singular neuter/masculine; ‘in this’

• विशेषे: in the special case / in this distinction
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष
• Form: locative singular masculine; ‘in this particular case/special circumstance’

• परिपणित: stipulated / agreed upon
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: पण् + परि
• Form: past passive participle used adjectivally; ‘stipulated/contracted/settled’; in compound with kāla

• कालम्: time-limit / term
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: accusative singular masculine; ‘stipulated time/term’

• सन्धिम्: treaty / peace / alliance-compact
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्धि
• Form: accusative singular masculine; object of ‘upeyāt’

• उपेयात्: should enter into / should resort to
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (एति) + उप
• Form: 3rd person singular, optative (vidhi-liṅ), parasmaipada; ‘should enter into/should resort to’

Entities Mentioned

• ally/partner (paraḥ)
• army (sainya)

More Details

FAQs

What is the purpose of a time-stipulated treaty in 7.6.09?

To allocate the costly operational period (bad weather, disease season, scarcity) to the other party and preserve one’s own forces for a favorable window.

What modern concept does this resemble?

Risk-shifting and burden allocation in coalition operations—assigning high-attrition phases to partners while retaining one’s own readiness.