Sutra 3

Devanagari script

प्रवृत्तहिंसानामपरिगृहीतानां षड्भागं गृह्णीयात्मत्स्यपक्षिणां दशभागं वाधिकं मृगपशूनां शुल्कं वाधिकम् ॥ कZ_०२.२६.०३ ॥

Transliteration

pravṛttahiṃsānām aparigṛhītānāṃ ṣaḍbhāgaṃ gṛhṇīyāt matsyapakṣiṇāṃ daśabhāgaṃ vādhikaṃ mṛgapaśūnāṃ śulkaṃ vādhikam

Translation

No caso de animais para os quais o dano é permitido e que ainda não foram reclamados (como propriedade privada), ele tomará um sexto; para peixes e aves, um décimo; para a caça e os animais, um tributo adicional.

Word by Word

• प्रवृत्त: engaged in / set in motion / active
• Type: Adjective (Kṛdanta)
• Root: √वृत् (वर्तते) / प्रवृत्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुं/नपुं एकवचन प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषण

• हिंसानाम्: of killings / of slaughtering acts
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिंसा (from √हिंस्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी

• अपरिगृहीतानाम्: of those not seized/appropriated (i.e., not taken into possession)
• Type: Adjective (Kṛdanta)
• Root: परि-√ग्रह् (परिगृह्णाति) / अपरिगृहीत (कृदन्त)
• Form: नञ्-पूर्वक भूतकृदन्त (क्त), बहुवचन, षष्ठी; विशेषण

• षड्भागम्: a sixth part (one-sixth share)
• Type: Noun
• Root: षड् + भाग
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘one-sixth share’

• गृह्णीयात्: should take / should collect
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ग्रह् (गृह्णाति)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• मत्स्य: of fish
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत्स्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी (समासपूर्वपद)

• पक्षिणाम्: of birds
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्षिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी

• दशभागम्: a tenth part (one-tenth share)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश + भाग
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘one-tenth share’

• वा: or / alternatively
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: निपात (विकल्प/समुच्चयार्थ)

• अधिकम्: more / additional
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; (भागम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• मृग: of wild animals/game
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृग
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी (समासपूर्वपद)

• पशूनाम्: of animals/cattle
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी

• शुल्कम्: duty / toll / tax
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुल्क
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (गृह्णीयात् इत्यस्य कर्म)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: निपात (विकल्पार्थ)

• अधिकम्: more / additional
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; (शुल्कम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

Entities Mentioned

• state (implicit)
• hunters/fishers (implicit)
• matsya (fish)
• pakṣi (birds)
• mṛga (game)
• paśu (animals)
• ṣaḍbhāga (one-sixth)
• daśabhāga (one-tenth)
• śulka (duty)

More Details

FAQs

How does this rule differ from the earlier fine-based rule (2.26.02)?

2.26.02 penalizes prohibited harm (a fine). 2.26.03 governs permitted extraction from commons (a revenue share/duty), treating it as taxable use rather than a crime.

What is the administrative logic of taking shares (1/6, 1/10) instead of fixed fines?

Shares scale with actual yield/value, making collection adaptive to output and reducing incentives to understate profitability relative to a flat charge.