Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 38
Chapter 360 — अव्ययवर्गाः
Groups of Indeclinables
तदा तदानीं युगपदेकदा सर्वदा सदा एतर्हि सम्प्रतीदानीमधुना साम्प्रतन्तथा
tadā tadānīṃ yugapadekadā sarvadā sadā etarhi sampratīdānīmadhunā sāmpratantathā
«tadā» (então), «tadānīm» (naquele exato momento), «yugapad» (simultaneamente), «ekadā» (uma vez/em certa ocasião), «sarvadā» (sempre), «sadā» (constantemente/para sempre), «etarhi» (agora), «samprati» (no presente), «idānīm» (neste instante), «adhunā» (hoje em dia/agora), «sāmpratam» (atualmente) e «tathā» (assim/dessa maneira) — são partículas indeclináveis usadas para indicar tempo e modo.
Lord Agni (teaching grammatical/lexical categories to Sage Vasiṣṭha in the Agni Purana’s encyclopedic survey)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Vyakarana","secondary_vidya":"Alamkara","practical_application":"Selecting correct indeclinables for time and manner in prose, kāvya, commentary, and ritual/administrative instructions.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Kāla-krama-vācaka Avyayāni (tadā, tadānīm, yugapad, etc.)","lookup_keywords":["tadā","tadānīm","yugapad","etarhi","adhunā"],"quick_summary":"Lists common indeclinables expressing time and manner—then, at that time, simultaneously, once, always, now, at present, just now, nowadays, and thus—useful for precise Sanskrit expression."}
Concept: Kāla-prakāra-bodha: cognition of time and manner is stabilized through conventional particles (avyayas).
Application: Improves interpretive accuracy in śāstra reading and reduces ambiguity in instruction manuals, vows, and narrative sequencing.
Khanda Section: Vyakarana / Avyaya-Nirukta (Sanskrit Grammar: indeclinables and temporal adverbs)
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: shanta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A scribe composes a Sanskrit passage, choosing avyayas from a neatly arranged list: tadā, tadānīm, yugapad, ekadā, sarvadā, sadā, etarhi, samprati, idānīm, adhunā, sāmpratam, tathā.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style, scribe and teacher in a temple-school setting, palm-leaf manuscript with highlighted avyayas, rhythmic arrangement of words as decorative bands, subdued ochres and greens.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style with gold accents on manuscript edges, central seated ācārya holding stylus, the avyaya list rendered as a sacred-looking inscription panel, rich jewel tones.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, clean instructional layout: two columns of avyayas with small illustrative vignettes (then/now/simultaneous), fine lines and pastel palette.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature of a kitabkhana (library), scholars debating word-choice, a sheet showing the avyaya list in Devanagari, detailed textiles and shelves of manuscripts."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"didactic","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: युगपत् एकदा → युगपदेकदा; सम्प्रति इदानीम् अधुना → सम्प्रतीदानीमधुना; साम्प्रतम् तथा → साम्प्रतन्तथा (म्+त → न्त).
Related Themes: Agni Purana 360 (Avyaya-varga: indeclinables); Agni Purana 361 (Nānārtha-varga begins after avyaya section)
FAQs
This verse imparts Vyākaraṇa-vidyā: a technical list of Sanskrit avyayas (indeclinables) that express time (then/now/always/once) and manner (tathā), useful for correct interpretation and composition.
By cataloging grammatical particles and their semantic functions, the Agni Purana preserves not only ritual and theology but also core tools of Sanskrit learning—showing its scope as a compendium that includes linguistic science alongside dharma and worship.
Accurate understanding of scriptural language supports correct recitation, interpretation, and teaching; in the Purāṇic view, clarity in śāstra-language helps avoid misapplication of dharma and strengthens merit through right knowledge (samyag-jñāna).