Verse 12

Ekakshara

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

मित्रः सुपर्णश्चन्द्र इन्द्रो रुद्रस्त्वष्टा विष्णुः सविता गोपतिस्त्वम् । त्वं विष्णुर्भूतानि तु त्रासि दैत्यांस्त्वयावृतं जगदुद्भवगर्भः ॥१२॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

मित्रः । सुपर्णः । चन्द्रः । इन्द्रः । रुद्रः । त्वष्टा । विष्णुः । सविता । गोपतिः । त्वम् । त्वम् । विष्णुः । भूतानि । तु । त्रासि । दैत्यान् । त्वया । आवृतम् । जगत् । उद्भव-गर्भः ।

IAST Transliteration

mitraḥ suparṇaś candra indro rudras tvaṣṭā viṣṇuḥ savitā gopatīs tvam | tvaṃ viṣṇur bhūtāni tu trāsi daityāṃs tvayāvṛtaṃ jagad udbhava-garbhaḥ ||12||

Translation

ਤੂੰ ਮਿਤ੍ਰ ਹੈਂ; ਤੂੰ ਸੁਪਰਨ ਹੈਂ; ਤੂੰ ਚੰਦਰਮਾ ਹੈਂ; ਤੂੰ ਇੰਦਰ, ਰੁਦ੍ਰ, ਤ੍ਵਸ਼ਟ੍ਰ, ਵਿਸ਼ਨੂ, ਸਵਿਤ੍ਰ ਹੈਂ; ਤੂੰ ਗੋਪਤੀ—ਗੋਧਨ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਪਤੀ ਹੈਂ। ਤੂੰ ਹੀ ਵਿਸ਼ਨੂ ਹੈਂ; ਤੂੰ ਜੀਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈਂ; ਦੈਤਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਮਨ ਕਰਕੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈਂ; ਤੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਜਗਤ ਆਵ੍ਰਿਤ ਹੈ—ਤੂੰ ਉਤਪੱਤੀ ਦਾ ਗਰਭ, ਜਗਦੁਦਭਵ ਦਾ ਮੂਲ ਹੈਂ।

Academic Translation

You are Mitra; you are Suparṇa; (you are) the Moon; Indra; Rudra; Tvaṣṭṛ; Viṣṇu; Savitṛ; you are the Lord of cattle. You are Viṣṇu; indeed you protect beings; you (overcome/protect from) the Daityas; by you the world is encompassed—(you are) the womb from which origination arises.

Verse Context

• Īśvara/Brahman as the source, pervader, and protector of the cosmos; vibhūti doctrine; jagat-kāraṇatva (causality) and vyāpti (pervasion)
• Mahavakya: Aligns with ‘prajnānaṃ brahma’/‘ayam ātmā brahma’ insofar as the one consciousness-principle is presented as the inner reality behind all divine functions; also echoes ‘sarvaṃ khalv idaṃ brahma’ in its all-pervading claim
• Atharva
• Chandas: Mixed/late Upaniṣadic anuṣṭubh-like śloka (non-strict)