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Shloka 12

Pitṛbhakti and Śrāddha: The Classification of Pitṛs and the Superiority of Pitṛ-kārya

कौशिकस्य सुतास्तात शिष्या गर्गस्य चाभवन् । पितर्युपरते सर्वे प्रवसंतस्तदाभवन्

kauśikasya sutāstāta śiṣyā gargasya cābhavan | pitaryuparate sarve pravasaṃtastadābhavan

ਵਤ्स, ਕੌਸ਼ਿਕ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਗਰਗ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਿਸ਼੍ਯ ਬਣ ਗਏ। ਪਿਤਾ ਦੇ ਪਰਲੋਕ ਸਿਧਾਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਹ ਸਭ ਪ੍ਰਵਾਸ ਕਰਦੇ ਹੋਏ ਦੂਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਸਣ ਲੱਗੇ।

कौशिकस्यof Kauśika
कौशिकस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootkauśika (कौशिक-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन
सुताःsons
सुताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta (सुत-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तातO dear (sir)
तात:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (तात-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
शिष्याःdisciples
शिष्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśiṣya (शिष्य-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; apposition to 'sutāḥ'
गर्गस्यof Garga
गर्गस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootgarga (गर्ग-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (च-अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक
अभवन्were / became
अभवन्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू-धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
पितरिwhen the father (was...) / in the father
पितरि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (पितृ-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (locative), एकवचन
उपरतेhaving departed / deceased
उपरते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa+ram (रम्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक? here locative singular agreeing with 'पितरि' (सप्तमी एकवचन); उपसर्ग: उप-; अर्थ: 'ceased/departed'
सर्वेall (of them)
सर्वे:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (सर्व-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
प्रवसन्तःliving away / staying abroad
प्रवसन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र+वस् (वस्-धातु)
Formकृदन्त: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: प्र-; predicate/qualifier of 'सर्वे'
तदाthen
तदा:
Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (तदा-अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, कालवाचक (temporal adverb)
अभवन्were
अभवन्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (भू-धातु)
Formलङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

K
Kauśika
G
Garga

FAQs

It highlights the Shaiva dharmic ideal that after life’s upheavals, one should take refuge in disciplined study under a qualified guru—an outward step that supports inward purification leading toward Shiva’s grace.

By emphasizing discipleship and right guidance, it implies that Linga-worship and Saguna Shiva devotion become fruitful when performed with proper instruction, humility, and regulated conduct.

A practical takeaway is to adopt a guru-guided daily sadhana—such as japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and simple Linga-puja—performed consistently with discipline.