Shloka 111

Devanagari script

राजस्वनमिदं दुर्गं तव भग्नं दुरात्मना।वानरेण ह्यविज्ञाय तव वीर्यं महाबल।।।।

Transliteration

rājan vanam idaṃ durgaṃ tava bhagnaṃ durātmanā | vānarena hy avijñāya tava vīryaṃ mahābala ||

Translation

ਹੇ ਮਹਾਨ ਰਾਜਾ! ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਇਸ ਦੁਰਗਮ ਬਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਦੁਸ਼ਟ ਬਾਂਦਰ ਨੇ ਤਬਾਹ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਤਾਕਤ ਨੂੰ ਨਹੀਂ ਪਛਾਣਦਾ।

Word by Word

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• स्वनम्: garden/pleasure-grove
• स्वनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; with implied verb)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of स्वनम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• दुर्गम्: inaccessible/fortified
• दुर्गम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of स्वनम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• तव: your
• तव: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)

• भग्नम्: broken/destroyed
• भग्नम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Predicate/attribute of object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भञ्ज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• दुरात्मना: by the evil-minded one
• दुरात्मना: करण/कर्तृ-हेतु (Agent/Instrumental of agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुरात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

• वानरेण: by a monkey/vanara
• वानरेण: कर्तृ (Agent; instrumental in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

• हि: indeed
• हि: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अवधान/हेतु (emphasis/causal nuance)

• अविज्ञाय: not knowing
• अविज्ञाय: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial; manner/cause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अ-वि-ज्ञा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), नकारार्थक-उपसर्ग (negation with a-)

• तव: your
• तव: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)

• वीर्यम्: valor/power
• वीर्यम्: कर्म (Karma/Object; of avijñāya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• महाबल: O mighty one
• महाबल: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाबल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय-समास: महत् + बल (great + strength)

Context

'O powerful king! an evil-minded vanara has destroyed the inaccessible pleasure garden not knowing your valour.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Hanumān (implied by “vānarena”)
• Aśoka-vana

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It indirectly highlights the ethical danger of pride (māna): the report flatters power, reflecting an adharma court culture where truth is framed to inflame ego rather than to restore justice.

What is the narrative situation?

The rākṣasīs report to Rāvaṇa that a vanara has destroyed his protected pleasure-garden.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

On the dharmic side, Hanumān’s fearlessness; on the adharmic side, Rāvaṇa’s courtly pride is being invoked.