Shloka 17

त्रिसप्ततितमः सर्गः (Sarga 73): Mithilā Vivāha

Kanyādāna and the Fourfold Marriage Rites

Devanagari script

तद्वाक्यं जनकेनोक्तं श्रुत्वा दशरथस्तदा।प्रवेशयामास सुतान् सर्वानृषिगणानपि।।।।

Transliteration

tadvākyaṃ janakenoktaṃ śrutvā daśarathas tadā | praveśayāmāsa sutān sarvān ṛṣigaṇān api ||

Translation

ਜਨਕ ਦੇ ਕਹੇ ਬਚਨ ਸੁਣ ਕੇ, ਤਦੋਂ ਦਸ਼ਰਥ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਪੁੱਤਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਅਤੇ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਹੋਏ ਸਾਰੇ ਰਿਸ਼ੀ-ਗਣ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਮੰਡਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਵੇਸ਼ ਕਰਵਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ।

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally qualifying वाक्यम्

• वाक्यम्: statement/words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• जनकेन: by Janaka
• जनकेन: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/कर्तृ-निर्देश), एकवचन

• उक्तम्: spoken/said
• उक्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; agrees with वाक्यम्

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
• Form: अव्यय-भावे क्त्वान्त (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया; ‘having heard’

• दशरथः: Daśaratha
• दशरथः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दशरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• प्रवेशयामास: made (them) enter
• प्रवेशयामास: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु) + णिच् (causative) + लिट्
• Form: लिट् (परिपूर्णभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिजन्त (causative) ‘caused to enter’

• सुतान्: sons
• सुतान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; agrees with सुतान् (and/or ṛṣigaṇān)

• ऋषिगणान्: groups of sages
• ऋषिगणान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषि + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ṛṣīṇāṃ gaṇaḥ)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/बल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (particle: also/even)

Context

At the words of Janaka, Dasaratha brought his sons along with the hosts of ascetics and entered the marriage pavilion.

Characters & Entities

• Janaka
• Daśaratha
• Daśaratha’s sons (Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa, Bharata, Śatrughna)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as respectful compliance with righteous invitation and inclusion of spiritual authorities (ṛṣis) in major life-rites, ensuring legitimacy and sanctity.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha responds to Janaka’s urging and enters the ceremonial space with his sons and the sages.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s propriety and deference to ritual order and saintly presence.