Shloka 13

गङ्गावतरण-समापनः

Conclusion of the Descent of Gaṅgā

Devanagari script

यच्च गङ्गावतरणं त्वया कृतमरिन्दम।अनेन च भवान् प्राप्तो धर्मस्यायतनं महत्।।1.44.13।।

Transliteration

yac ca gaṅgāvataraṇaṃ tvayā kṛtam arindama | anena ca bhavān prāpto dharmasyāyatanaṃ mahat || 1.44.13 ||

Translation

ਹੇ ਅਰਿੰਦਮ! ਤੂੰ ਗੰਗਾ ਦਾ ਅਵਤਰਨ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ ਹੈ; ਇਸੇ ਕਰਤੱਬ ਨਾਲ ਤੂੰ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਮਹਾਨ ਆਸਰਾ-ਸਥਾਨ, ਅਟੱਲ ਆਤਮਿਕ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਸ਼ਠਾ, ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• यत्: which/that (fact)
• यत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रयोग (relative)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• गङ्गा-अवतरणम्: the descent of Gaṅgā
• गङ्गा-अवतरणम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गङ्गा + अवतरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन; समास: गङ्गायाः अवतरणम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• कृतम्: accomplished
• कृतम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'done/accomplished' (agreeing with अवतरणम्)

• अरिन्दम: O subduer of enemies
• अरिन्दम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिन्दम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन; समास: अरिन् (शत्रु) + दम (दमन) (उपपद-तत्पुरुष)

• अनेन: by this
• अनेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• भवान्: you
• भवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन; आदरार्थ-प्रयोग (honorific 'you')

• प्राप्तः: have obtained
• प्राप्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + √आप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (finite sense) 'have obtained'

• धर्मस्य: of dharma
• धर्मस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• आयतनम्: abode/seat
• आयतनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying आयतनम्)

Context

O Destroyer of enemies! by bringing about the descent of Ganga, you have secured a great abode in dharma.

Characters & Entities

• Brahmā
• Bhagīratha
• Gaṅgā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as loka-hita (benefit of the world): a righteous deed that uplifts many becomes a ‘seat of dharma’ for the doer, establishing enduring moral-spiritual merit.

What is the narrative situation?

Brahmā continues praising Bhagiratha, emphasizing that the successful descent of Gaṅgā itself is a dharmic achievement with lasting consequences.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Selfless responsibility: using royal power and endurance to accomplish a sacred, world-benefiting mission.