Shloka 9

Devanagari script

अयं पर्वणि वेगेन यज्ञियाश्वोऽपनीयते।हर्तारं जहि काकुत्स्थ हयश्चैवोपनीयताम्।।1.39.9।।

Transliteration

ayaṃ parvaṇi vegena yajñiyāśvo 'panīyate | hartāraṃ jahi kākutstha hayaś caivopanīyatām || 1.39.9 ||

Translation

ਇਸ ਪર્વ-ਦਿਨ ਯਜ्ञੀਅ ਅਸ਼ਵ ਨੂੰ ਵੇਗ ਨਾਲ ਬਲਪੂਰਵਕ ਅਪਹਰਣ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ; ਹੇ ਕਾਕੁਤਸਥ, ਚੋਰ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰੋ ਅਤੇ ਅਸ਼ਵ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਵਾਪਸ ਲਿਆਓ।

Word by Word

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण to यज्ञियाश्वः

• पर्वणि: on the parvan day
• पर्वणि: अधिकरण (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/सप्तमी), एकवचन (Singular)

• वेगेन: with speed
• वेगेन: करण (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/तृतीया), एकवचन (Singular)

• यज्ञिय-अश्वः: the sacrificial horse
• यज्ञिय-अश्वः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक) + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास: 'यज्ञियः अश्वः'; पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular)

• अपनीयते: is being carried off
• अपनीयते: क्रिया (मुख्यक्रिया/Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप-नी (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग (passive-like: 'is being taken away')

• हर्तारम्: the thief/abductor
• हर्तारम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object of jahi)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular)

• जहि: slay
• जहि: क्रिया (आज्ञार्थ/Main injunction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• काकुत्स्थ: O Kakutstha
• काकुत्स्थ: सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काकुत्स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• हयः: the horse
• हयः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject of upanīyatām)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/प्रथमा), एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (समुच्चय/Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: सम्बन्ध (अवधारण/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण (emphasis/only/indeed)

• उपनीयताम्: let (it) be brought back
• उपनीयताम्: क्रिया (आज्ञार्थ/Main injunction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-नी (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative/benedictive injunction), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive injunction)

Context

'O Kakutstha! on this auspicious (full-moon) day the sacrificial horse has been stolen away suddenly and forcibly. Slay the thief and bring back the horse'.

Characters & Entities

• Kākutstha (epithet used in address)
• Sagara (implied as yajamāna)
• upādhyāyas (priests)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma demands the defense of sacred obligations and the punishment of wrongdoing that disrupts them. Restoring the horse symbolizes restoring moral and ritual order.

What is the narrative situation?

The priests urgently instruct the sacrificer-king to pursue the abductor, kill the thief if necessary, and recover the horse so the Aśvamedha can be completed.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The expected virtue is decisive kṣātra-dharma (royal duty): swift, just action to protect public and sacred order.