Shloka 11

कामाश्रम

प्रवेशः / Entry into Kāma’s Hermitage at the Sarayū–Gaṅgā Confluence

Devanagari script

कन्दर्पो मूर्तिमानासीत्काम इत्युच्यते बुधै:।तपस्यन्तमिह स्थाणुं नियमेन समाहितम्।।1.23.10।। कृतोद्वाहं तु देवेशं गच्छन्तं समरुद्गगणम्।धर्षयामास दुर्मेधा हुङ्कृतश्च महात्मना।।1.23.11।।

Transliteration

kandarpo mūrtimān āsīt kāma ity ucyate budhaiḥ |

tapasyantam iha sthāṇuṁ niyamena samāhitam || 1.23.10 ||

kṛtodvāhaṁ tu deveśaṁ gacchantaṁ samarudgagaṇam |

dharṣayāmāsa durmedhā huṅkṛtaś ca mahātmanā || 1.23.11 ||

Translation

ਹੇ ਰਘੁਨੰਦਨ, ਇੱਥੇ ਕੰਦರ್ಪ ਕਦੇ ਮੂਰਤਿਮਾਨ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਸੀ; ਵਿਦਵਾਨ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ‘ਕਾਮ’ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਥਾਂ ਦੇਵેશ ਸਥਾਣੂ (ਸ਼ਿਵ) ਨਿਯਮ-ਸਹਿਤ ਤਪੱਸਿਆ ਵਿਚ ਸਮਾਧਿਸਥ ਸਨ; ਨਵਵਿਵਾਹਿਤਾ ਸਹਧਰਮਿਣੀ ਨਾਲ, ਮਰੁਦ-ਗਣਾਂ ਸਮੇਤ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਉਸ ਦੇਵ ਨੂੰ ਦੁਸ਼ਬੁੱਧੀ ਕਾਮ ਨੇ ਧਿੱਠਾਈ ਨਾਲ ਸਤਾਇਆ; ਤਦ ਮਹਾਤਮਾ ਸ਼ਿਵ ਨੇ ਭਿਆਨਕ ਹੂੰਕਾਰ ਭਰਿਆ।

Word by Word

• कृतोद्वाहम्: newly married; having performed marriage
• कृतोद्वाहम्: कर्म (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (कृ धातोः क्त/कृदन्त) + उद्वाह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-समास (kṛtaḥ udvāhaḥ yasya/one whose marriage is done; used adjectivally), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'deveśam')

• तु: but; indeed
• तु: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; contrast/emphasis)

• देवेशम्: lord of the gods
• देवेशम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवेश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('devānām īśaḥ'), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• गच्छन्तम्: going
• गच्छन्तम्: कर्म (as qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (Present active participle), द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुल्लिङ्ग; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'deveśam')

• समरुद्गगणम्: accompanied by the Marut hosts
• समरुद्गगणम्: कर्म (as qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ 'with') + मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक) + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सह-तत्पुरुष (samarut-gaṇa: 'with the Marut hosts'), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies 'deveśam')

• धर्षयामास: assailed; affronted
• धर्षयामास: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: धर्ष् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect/लिट्; epic narrative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• दुर्मेधा: the foolish-minded one
• दुर्मेधा: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + मेधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (dur-medhā: 'bad-intellect'), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• हुङ्कृतः: (was) roared at; threatened with a 'huṅ'
• हुङ्कृतः: क्रिया-विशेषण/भाव (associated act)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हुङ्कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (Past passive participle), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (with 'ca') predicate/associated action

• च: and
• च: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• महात्मना: by the great-souled one (Śiva)
• महात्मना: करण/कर्ता (Agent in passive sense/Instrumental of agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (mahā-ātmā), पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

Context

When the night turned into day-break, the eminent ascetic Viswamitra, addressing the descendants of Kakutstha (Rama and Lakshmana) who were lying on a bed of leaves said:

Characters & Entities

• Kandarpa
• Śiva (Sthāṇu, Deveśa)
• Maruts

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as restraint and reverence: desire (kāma) becomes destructive when it violates tapas and disrespects the sacred; discipline protects truth and spiritual order.

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra begins a local sacred-history: Kāma/Kandarpa offends Śiva during his austerity, prompting Śiva’s fierce response.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śiva’s unwavering tapas (self-mastery) contrasted with Kāma’s lack of discernment—highlighting the Ramayana’s esteem for self-control.