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Shloka 1

चित्रकूटमार्गवर्णनम्

Bharata’s Army Reaches Chitrakuta and Searches for Rama

तया महत्या यायिन्या ध्वजिन्या वनवासिनः। अर्दिता यूथपा मत्ताः सयूथास्सम्प्रदुद्रुवुः।।2.93.1।।

tayā mahatyā yāyinyā dhvajinyā vanavāsinaḥ | arditā yūthapā mattāḥ sayūthāḥ sampradudruvuḥ ||2.93.1||

ਉਸ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਚਲਦੀ ਧੁਜਧਾਰੀ ਸੈਨਾ ਨਾਲ ਘਬਰਾਕੇ, ਜੰਗਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਸਦੇ ਝੁੰਡਾਂ ਦੇ ਨੇਤਾ ਡਰ ਨਾਲ ਮੱਤੇ ਹੋਏ ਆਪਣੇ ਝੁੰਡਾਂ ਸਮੇਤ ਦੌੜ ਪਏ।

साthat (army)
सा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; pronoun referring to senā
सम्प्रहृष्टद्विपवाजियोधाwith exhilarated elephants, horses, and warriors
सम्प्रहृष्टद्विपवाजियोधा:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of senā
TypeAdjective
Rootsamprahṛṣṭa + dvipa + vāji + yodha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'having elephants, horses, and soldiers who are highly exhilarated' (qualifying senā)
वित्रासयन्तीfrightening
वित्रासयन्ती:
Karta (कर्ता) (participial action)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-√tras (त्रस् धातु) causative √trasay; vitrāsayantī (कृदन्त)
FormŚatṛ (शतृ) present active participle, causative; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with senā; sense: 'frightening'
मृगपक्षिसङ्घान्flocks of beasts and birds
मृगपक्षिसङ्घान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛga + pakṣi + saṅgha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'groups/flocks of beasts and birds'
महत्great
महत्:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; agrees with vanam
वनम्forest
वनम्:
Karma (कर्म) (object of entering)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म) (determiner)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; pronoun used with vanam
प्रतिगाहमानाwhile entering
प्रतिगाहमाना:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√gāh (गाह् धातु); pratigāhamānā (कृदन्त)
FormŚānac (शानच्) present middle participle; Strīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; agrees with senā; sense: 'entering/penetrating'
रराजshone/appeared splendid
रराज:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√rāj (राज् धातु)
FormLaṅ (लङ्) perfect-like narrative? actually Liṭ (लिट्) perfect: 3rd person singular Parasmaipada; form 'rarāja' (reduplicated perfect)
सेनाarmy
सेना:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsenā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
भरतस्यof Bharata
भरतस्य:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Ekavacana
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormDeśa-avyaya (locative adverb)

On seeing the great army marching, the exited leaders of herds of elephants inhabiting the forest were frightened and ran off with their herds.

B
Bharata’s army (dhvajinī)
F
forest-dwellers (vanavāsinaḥ)

FAQs

Dharma includes restraint in the use of power: the verse highlights how large human forces disturb other beings, implying the ruler’s duty to minimize harm and fear in the natural world.

As Bharata’s large, bannered army advances, forest animals and herd-leaders panic and flee with their groups.

Implicitly, the need for royal self-control and compassion—power should not become a source of terror to the innocent.