Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 28

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः — दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

Devanagari script

इति ब्रुवन्तं राजानमनयन् द्वारदर्शिनः।कौशल्याया गृहं तत्र न्यवेश्यत विनीतवत्।।।।

Transliteration

iti bruvantaṃ rājānam anayan dvāradarśinaḥ |

auśalyāyā gṛhaṃ tatra nyaveśyata vinītavat ||

Translation

ਰਾਜਾ ਇਹ ਕਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਸੀ ਤਾਂ ਦਰਬਾਨ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਕੌਸ਼ਲਿਆ ਦੇ ਗ੍ਰਿਹ ਵੱਲ ਲੈ ਗਏ ਅਤੇ ਉੱਥੇ ਯਥੋਚਿਤ ਆਦਰ ਨਾਲ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਠਾ ਕੇ ਟਿਕਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ।

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: इत्यादि-वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• bruvantam: speaking (him)
• bruvantam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• rājānam: the king
• rājānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• anayan: they led/brought
• anayan: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √nī (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन

• dvāra-darśinaḥ: doorkeepers
• dvāra-darśinaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvāra (प्रातिपदिक) + darśin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (द्वारं पश्यन्ति/रक्षन्ति ये)

• kauśalyāyāḥ: of Kausalya
• kauśalyāyāḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kauśalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• gṛham: house/apartment
• gṛham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gṛha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: there)

• nyaveśyata: was made to sit/was settled
• nyaveśyata: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-ava√śi (धातु; causative sense in context)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोगः (passive-like: 'was made to rest/was settled')

• vinītavat: respectfully / like a disciplined person
• vinītavat: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinīta (प्रातिपदिक) + vat (तद्धित)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण (वत्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययीभाव/indeclinable adverbial usage)

Context

Having heard the king, the door-keepers took him to the apartment of Kausalya and there respectfully made him rest.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kausalyā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as service (sevā) is shown through respectful attendance: even amid catastrophe, proper care for the suffering is maintained.

What is the narrative situation?

The palace staff respond to Daśaratha’s request and escort him to Kausalyā’s quarters.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty and disciplined conduct of servants/guards is emphasized—vinaya (humility) in fulfilling duty.