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Shloka 12

पितृवाक्यपालनम्, गयाश्रुति-उपदेशः, भरतस्य राज्यग्रहण-निर्देशः

Rama’s Counsel on Vows, the Gaya Śruti, and Bharata’s Return to Rule

पुन्नाम्नो नरकाद् यस्मात् पितरं त्रायते सुतः।तस्मात् पुत्र इति प्रोक्तः पितॄन् यः पाति सर्वतः।।2.107.12।।

punnāmno narakād yasmāt pitaraṃ trāyate sutaḥ | tasmāt putra iti proktaḥ pitṝn yaḥ pāti sarvataḥ ||

ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਪੁੱਤਰ ‘ਪੁਤ’ ਨਾਮਕ ਨਰਕ ਤੋਂ ਪਿਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਤਾਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਜੋ ਹਰ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਪਿਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਰੇ, ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ‘ਪੁੱਤਰ’ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ।

punnāmnaḥfrom (the hell) named Put
punnāmnaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootput (प्रातिपदिक) + nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ablative (5th), Singular; tatpuruṣa: put-nāmnaḥ = 'from (the hell) named Put' (nāmnaḥ = 'by name' in ablative)
narakātfrom hell
narakāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ablative (5th), Singular
yasmātsince/from which
yasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु) / Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga/Napumsaka, Ablative (5th), Singular; relative pronoun
pitaramfather
pitaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Accusative (2nd), Singular
trāyatedelivers, saves
trāyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roottrā (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra, Ātmanepada, Prathama-puruṣa, Singular
sutaḥthe son
sutaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st), Singular
tasmāttherefore
tasmāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAblative-form used adverbially (तस्मात् = therefore)
putraḥ(he is) a son, 'putra'
putraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (in 'is called')
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st), Singular
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormQuotative particle (इति)
proktaḥis called/has been said
proktaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) → prokta (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Puṃliṅga, Nominative, Singular; passive sense 'has been said/called'
pitr̄nancestors
pitr̄n:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Accusative (2nd), Plural
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Nominative (1st), Singular; relative pronoun
pātiprotects
pāti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpā (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra, Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Singular
sarvataḥin every way
sarvataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) (manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvatas (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (adverb), manner/extent

Putra is so called as he delivers his father from a hell known as Put and protects the ancestors in all possible ways.

R
Rāma
B
Bharata
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
P
Putra (term/etymology)

FAQs

Dharma is filial responsibility: the son bears a sacred duty to protect and uplift the father and ancestors through righteous conduct and rites.

Rāma cites a traditional explanation of the word putra to instruct Bharata on obligations toward ancestors.

Sense of duty (kartavya) toward lineage—continuity of dharma across generations.