Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 34, Shloka 87

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

नोद्धूतोन्मत्तमूढैश्च नाविनीतैश्च पण्डितः ।

गच्छेन्मैत्रीं न चाशीलेर्न च चौर्यादिदूषितैः ॥

Transliteration

noddhūtonmattamūḍhaiś ca nāvinītaiś ca paṇḍitaḥ / gacchen maitrīṃ na cāśīlair na ca cauryādidūṣitaiḥ

Translation

ਪੰਡਿਤ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਅਹੰਕਾਰੀ, ਮੱਤੇ, ਮੂਰਖ ਅਤੇ ਬੇਵਿਨੈ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੰਗਤ ਨਾ ਕਰੇ। ਨਾਹ ਹੀ ਦੁਸ਼ਟਾਂ ਨਾਲ, ਅਤੇ ਚੋਰੀ ਆਦਿ ਵਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਦਾਗ਼ਦਾਰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਮਿੱਤਰਤਾ ਕਰੇ।

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• उद्धूतोन्मत्तमूढैः: with the arrogant, mad, and foolish
• उद्धूतोन्मत्तमूढैः: Sahakāraka (करण/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उद्धूत + उन्मत्त + मूढ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (collective), तृतीया (instrumental), बहुवचन; समासः इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (uddhūtāś ca unmattaś ca mūḍhāś ca)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• अविनीतैः: with the undisciplined
• अविनीतैः: Sahakāraka (सह/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अविनीत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• पण्डितः: a learned man
• पण्डितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्डित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• गच्छेत्: should go/associate
• गच्छेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• मैत्रीम्: friendship
• मैत्रीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मैत्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• अशीलेः: with the ill-mannered
• अशीलेः: Sahakāraka (सह/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन-रूप (instrumental plural) as Vedic/epic variant for अशीलैः

• न: not
• न: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• चौर्यादिदूषितैः: with those tainted by theft and the like
• चौर्यादिदूषितैः: Sahakāraka (सह/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चौर्य + आदि + दूषित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समासः तत्पुरुष: चौर्यादिभिः (theft etc.) दूषिताः (tainted)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within Markandeya Purana

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Satsaṅga vs duḥsaṅga
• Ethics of association
• Character formation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Company shapes destiny: the learned safeguard their discernment by avoiding those dominated by vice, arrogance, or disorder, and by choosing friendships aligned with dharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma instruction, not a cosmological/genealogical lakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Association is a subtle conduit of guṇas; avoiding vice-laden company is a practical method for protecting sattva and stabilizing the mind.