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Shloka 17

राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order

अराजका:ः प्रजा: पूर्व विनेशुरिति न: श्रुतम्‌ । परस्परं भक्षयन्तो मत्स्या इव जले कृशान्‌

arājakāḥ prajāḥ pūrvaṁ vineśur iti naḥ śrutam | parasparaṁ bhakṣayanto matsyā iva jale kṛśān ||

ਭੀਸ਼ਮ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਅਸੀਂ ਸੁਣਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਰਾਜਾ ਨਾ ਹੋਣ ਕਰਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਜਾ ਨਾਸ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਜਿਵੇਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਾਕਤਵਰ ਮੱਛੀਆਂ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਮੱਛੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਿਗਲ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਤਿਵੇਂ ਹੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦੇ ਅਭਾਵ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੋਕ ਇਕ-ਦੂਜੇ ਨੂੰ ਲੁੱਟ ਕੇ ਨਸ਼ਟ ਹੋ ਗਏ।

अराजकाःwithout a king (kingless)
अराजकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअराजक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
विनेशुःperished, were destroyed
विनेशुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नश्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
नःof us, our
नः:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
श्रुतम्heard (it is heard/known)
श्रुतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
परस्परम्mutually, one another
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
भक्षयन्तःdevouring, eating
भक्षयन्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootभक्ष्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Parasmaipada
मत्स्याःfish
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
जलेin water
जले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कृशान्the weak, the lean (ones)
कृशान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
prajā (the people/subjects)
M
matsya (fish)
J
jala (water)

Educational Q&A

Without legitimate rulership and enforcement of dharma, society collapses into “matsya-nyaya” (the law of the fish), where the strong exploit the weak; kingship is presented as a necessary instrument for protection and order.

In Bhishma’s discourse on rajadharma in the Shanti Parva, he cites an old tradition: when there was no king, people mutually preyed upon each other, like fish in water, leading to widespread ruin.