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Shloka 56

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

आम दरबारमें बैठकर दोस्तोंकी तरह बराबरीका बर्ताव करते हुए कहते हैं कि 'राजन! आपसे इस कामका होना कठिन है, आपका यह बर्ताव बहुत बुरा है” ।।

āma-darbāre niṣaṇṇāḥ sakhā iva samatāṃ carantaḥ vadanti— “rājan! tava etat karma kartuṃ duṣkaram; tava eṣa vyavahāro 'tīva pāpaḥ.” kruddhe cāsmin hasanty eva na ca hṛṣyanti pūjitāḥ; saṅgharṣa-śīlāś ca tadā bhavanty anyonya-kāraṇāt.

ਰਾਜਾ ਗੁੱਸੇ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਵੀ ਉਹ ਹੱਸ ਪੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ; ਅਤੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਆਦਰ ਕਰੇ ਤਾਂ ਵੀ ਉਹ ਧਿੱਠ ਸੇਵਕ ਖੁਸ਼ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦੇ। ਫਿਰ ਆਪਣੇ ਸੁਆਰਥ ਲਈ ਉਹ ਝਗੜਾਲੂ ਬਣ ਕੇ ਸਭਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਰਾਜੇ ਨਾਲ ਤਕਰਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਲੱਗ ਪੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ।

क्रुद्धेwhen (he is) angry
क्रुद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (√क्रुध्)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्मिन्in/with regard to this (person/king)
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
हसन्तिthey laugh
हसन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√हस्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हृष्यन्तिthey rejoice/are pleased
हृष्यन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√हृष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
पूजिताःthough honored / having been honored
पूजिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूजित (√पूज्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संघर्षशीलाःquarrelsome/combative
संघर्षशीलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंघर्षशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तदाthen/at that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
भवन्तिthey become
भवन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√भू
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अन्योन्यकारणात्due to one another / from mutual causation
अन्योन्यकारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्योन्य-कारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the King (rājan)
S
servants/attendants (sevaka)
R
royal assembly/court (sabhā)

Educational Q&A

A king must not mistake insolent familiarity for friendship. Courtiers who laugh at royal displeasure and remain ungrateful even when honored erode authority and order; such self-interested, quarrelsome attendants should be checked for the sake of dharma and stable governance.

Bhishma is instructing the king on court management: he describes a type of servant who sits in open court, speaks as an equal, mocks the king when angered, shows no gratitude when honored, and even argues with the king in the assembly for personal gain.