Shloka 140
Atithi-satkāra and the Consolation of Wise Counsel (अतिथिसत्कारः प्रज्ञानवचनस्य च पराश्वासनम्)
त॑ विद्धि रुद्रं कौन्तेय देवदेवं कपर्दिनम् । काल: स एव कथित: क्रोधजेति मया तव
taṁ viddhi rudraṁ kaunteya devadevaṁ kapardinam | kālaḥ sa eva kathitaḥ krodhajeti mayā tava ||
ਕੁੰਤੀਨੰਦਨ! ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਰੁਦ੍ਰ—ਦੇਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਦੇਵ, ਜਟਾਜੂਟਧਾਰੀ—ਜਾਣ। ਉਹੀ ‘ਕਾਲ’ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਉਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਮੈਂ ਤੈਨੂੰ ‘ਕ੍ਰੋਧਜ’ (ਕ੍ਰੋਧ ਤੋਂ ਉਤਪੰਨ) ਕਹਿ ਕੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਹੈ।
अर्जुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches the unity of divine power behind different names: Rudra (Śiva) is also Kāla (Time/Death) and is described as arising from wrath. It frames fearsome forces—anger, destruction, mortality—as aspects of a single cosmic lord, not random cruelty, thereby situating ethical reflection within a larger order.
Arjuna addresses a listener (implicitly within the Shānti-parvan’s didactic setting) and identifies the deity being discussed: he declares that the one in question should be understood as Rudra/Śiva, also called Kāla and ‘born of wrath.’ The speech functions as theological clarification through epithets.