Shloka 71

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

Devanagari script

अनेन प्रतिबोधेन प्रधान प्रवदन्ति तत्‌ । सांख्ययोगाश्च तत्त्वज्ञा यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनात्‌

Transliteration

anena pratibodhena pradhānaṁ pravadanti tat | sāṅkhyayogāś ca tattvajñā yathāśrutinidarśanāt ||

Translation

ਇਸੇ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਬੋਧ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਬਿੰਬ ਕਰਕੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ‘ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ’ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਨ। ਸਾਂਖ੍ਯ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਗ ਦੇ ਤੱਤਵ-ਜਾਣੂ, ਸ਼੍ਰੁਤੀ ਦੇ ਸੰਕੇਤਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਸਮਝਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ— ਜਿਵੇਂ ਜਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੰਦਰਮਾ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਬਿੰਬ ਦਿਸਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਿਵੇਂ ਚੇਤਨ ਜੀਵਾਤਮਾ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ-ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਬਿੰਬਿਤ ਜਿਹਾ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਬਿੰਬਿਤ ਬੋਧ ਕਰਕੇ ਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਤੀ ‘ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ’ ਕਹੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• {'anena': 'by this

• through this (instrumental of idam)', 'pratibodhena': 'by awakening/realization

• by the ‘reflected’ apprehension', 'pradhānam': 'Pradhāna

• unmanifest Nature (often identified with Prakṛti in Sāṅkhya)', 'pravadanti': 'they declare

• they describe', 'tat': 'that (principle)', 'sāṅkhya-yogāḥ': 'Sāṅkhya and Yoga (systems/paths of knowledge and discipline)', 'tattva-jñāḥ': 'knowers of reality

• those who know the principles (tattvas)', 'yathā': 'according as

• in the manner that', 'śruti-nidarśanāt': 'from the indications/illustrations of Śruti (Vedic revelation)

• on the authority of Śruti', 'prakṛti': 'Nature

• the field of manifesting qualities (guṇas)', 'jīva-ātman': 'the individual self (as spoken of in embodied context)', 'jñāna-svarūpa': 'whose nature is consciousness/knowledge', 'pratibimba': 'reflection

• mirrored appearance (as in water)', 'candra': 'the moon', 'jala': 'water'}

Speaker

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yājñavalkya
• Pradhāna
• Sāṅkhya
• Yoga
• Śruti
• Prakṛti
• Jīva/Ātman
• Moon (candra)
• Water (jala)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Pradhāna (primordial Nature) is spoken of as Prakṛti insofar as it appears to ‘carry’ cognition due to a reflected awareness: consciousness belongs to the Self, yet it seems mirrored in Nature—like the moon reflected in water—producing the appearance that Prakṛti is knowing.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yājñavalkya is explaining a Sāṅkhya–Yoga account of how experience arises: the Self is intrinsically conscious, while Prakṛti is the material basis; by Śruti-supported reasoning and analogy, he clarifies why the primordial principle is termed Pradhāna and how apparent knowing can be attributed to Nature through reflection.