Shloka 51
योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः
Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction
Devanagari script
सभासदां च वृद्धानां सतां कथयतां कथा: । प्राहसन्नभ्यसूयंश्न सर्ववृद्धान् गुणावरा:
Translation
ਜਦੋਂ ਸਭਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੈਠੇ ਸੱਜਣ ਅਤੇ ਬੁਜ਼ੁਰਗ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਤਦ ਗੁਣਹੀਨ ਦੈਤ ਦੋਸ਼ ਕੱਢ ਕੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਸਭ ਬੁਜ਼ੁਰਗਾਂ ਦਾ ਮਖੌਲ ਉਡਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ।
Word by Word
सभासदाम्of the assembly-members
सभासदाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसभासद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
वृद्धानाम्of the elders
वृद्धानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सताम्of the good/virtuous people
सताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
कथयताम्of those speaking/telling
कथयताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootकथय्
FormLat, Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active, Shatru-participle used as genitive plural (kathayatām = 'of those who are speaking')
कथाःtalks/words/stories
कथाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकथा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रहसन्laughing
प्रहसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रहस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Shatru (present active participle)
अभ्यसूयन्carping at/finding fault
अभ्यसूयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभ्यसूय्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Shatru (present active participle)
सर्ववृद्धान्all the elders
सर्ववृद्धान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणावराःinferior in virtues/without merit
गुणावराः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणावर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
शक्र उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes