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Shloka 8

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

गुरुउ्वाच शृणु शिष्य महाप्राज्ञ ब्रह्मगुह्ममिदं परम्‌ । अध्यात्मं सर्वविद्यानामागमानां च यद्धसु

guruḥ uvāca: śṛṇu śiṣya mahāprājña brahma-guhyam idaṁ param | adhyātmaṁ sarva-vidyānām āgamānāṁ ca yad dhruvam || atha yad-yad yadā bhāti kāla-yogād yugādiṣu | tat-tad utpadyate jñānaṁ loka-yātrā-vidhāna-jam ||

ਗੁਰੂ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—“ਵਤਸ, ਸੁਣ। ਮਹਾਪ੍ਰਾਜ্ঞ ਸ਼ਿਸ਼੍ਯ! ਤੂੰ ਜੋ ਪੁੱਛਿਆ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਬ੍ਰਹਮ ਦਾ ਪਰਮ ਅਤੇ ਗੂੜ੍ਹ ਰਾਜ਼ ਹੈ। ਇਹੀ ਅਧਿਆਤਮ-ਤੱਤ ਹੈ; ਇਹੀ ਸਭ ਵਿਦਿਆਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਆਗਮ-ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਸਾਰ ਹੈ। ਅਤੇ ਯੁਗਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਰੰਭ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਾਲ-ਯੋਗ ਨਾਲ ਜੋ ਜੋ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਉਹ ਉਹ ਗਿਆਨ ਵੀ ਮੁੜ ਮੁੜ ਉਤਪੰਨ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ—ਲੋਕ-ਯਾਤਰਾ ਦੇ ਵਿਧਾਨ ਤੋਂ, ਜੀਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਮੁਤਾਬਕ।”

athanow/then
atha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha
yatwhatever (that which)
yat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formneuter, nominative, singular
yatwhatever
yat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formneuter, nominative, singular
yadāwhen
yadā:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā
bhātishines/appears
bhāti:
TypeVerb
Rootbhā
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
kāla-yogātfrom the conjunction/operation of time
kāla-yogāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootkāla-yoga
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
yuga-ādiṣuin the yugas and the like
yuga-ādiṣu:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootyuga-ādi
Formneuter, locative, plural
tatthat
tat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative, singular
tatthat (corresponding)
tat:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, nominative, singular
utpadyatearises/is produced
utpadyate:
TypeVerb
Rootutpad
Formpresent, 3, singular, ātmanepada (passive-like)
jñānamknowledge
jñānam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootjñāna
Formneuter, nominative, singular
loka-yātrā-vidhāna-jamborn of the regulation/ordering of worldly conduct
loka-yātrā-vidhāna-jam:
TypeAdjective
Rootloka-yātrā-vidhāna-ja
Formneuter, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

G
guru (teacher)
Ś
śiṣya (disciple)
B
Brahman (brahma)
Y
yuga (cosmic age)
K
kāla (time)
L
loka (world)

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies adhyātma—knowledge of the inner Self—as the supreme, hidden essence of Brahman and as the stable core of all learning and scriptural traditions. It also teaches a cyclical view of history: as time turns and new ages begin, appropriate forms of knowledge re-manifest to sustain the world’s ongoing order (loka-yātrā).

A teacher addresses a highly intelligent disciple and begins an esoteric instruction. He frames the disciple’s question as touching the deepest Brahman-secret and then explains that knowledge appears in different ages according to the operation of time and the requirements of maintaining worldly life and order.