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Shloka 51

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

नैर्कतीं दिशमास्थाय निपतेत्‌ स त्वजिह्मृग: । ब्राह्मणार्थेडपि वा प्राणान्‌ संत्यजेत्‌ तेन शुद्धयति

nairṛtīṁ diśam āsthāya nipatet sa tv ajihmṛgaḥ | brāhmaṇārthe ’pi vā prāṇān saṁtyajet tena śuddhyati |

ਨੈਰ੍ਰਿਤ ਦਿਸ਼ਾ ਵੱਲ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਜੇ ਉਹ ਕਪਟ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਸਿੱਧਾ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਉੱਥੇ ਡਿੱਗ ਪਵੇ, ਜਾਂ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰਾਣ ਵੀ ਤਿਆਗ ਦੇਵੇ—ਤਾਂ ਉਸ ਨਾਲ ਉਹ ਸ਼ੁੱਧ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

नैर्ऋतीम्the Nairṛti (south-western) direction
नैर्ऋतीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनैर्ऋती (निरृति-दिशा)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दिशम्direction
दिशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving resorted to / having taken (as one’s course)
आस्थाय:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
निपतेत्should fall down
निपतेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-पत्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वजिह्मृगःone who is (so described as) 'tvajihmṛga' (textually uncertain epithet)
त्वजिह्मृगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वजिह्मृग (पाठभेद/दुर्लभ-रूप; सम्भवतः 'त्वजिह्मृग' इति विशेषण-समासः)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणार्थेfor the sake of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण + अर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
प्राणान्life-breaths / life
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संत्यजेत्should abandon / should give up
संत्यजेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-त्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तेनby that / thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
शुद्ध्यतिbecomes purified
शुद्ध्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशुध् (शुद्ध्यति)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmana
N
Nairriti (as the southwest quarter)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma presents extreme forms of expiation: purification can be attained through uncompromising sincerity and self-sacrifice, especially when one gives up life for the protection or welfare of a brāhmaṇa.

In Śānti Parva’s dharma-discourse, Bhīṣma is describing acts regarded as powerful atonements—going toward the south‑western quarter and falling down (a ritualized self-offering), or sacrificing one’s life for a brāhmaṇa—as means to remove grave impurity.