Shloka 3
Gautama’s Flight, the Enchanted Grove, and the Arrival of Rājadharma
Nāḍījaṅgha
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्माणां संकरो न प्रशस्यस्ते । अविकारितमं सत्यं सर्ववर्णेषु भारत
Translation
ਭੀਸ਼ਮ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ—ਹੇ ਭਾਰਤਨੰਦਨ! ਚਾਰ ਵਰਣਾਂ ਦੇ ਧਰਮਾਂ ਦਾ ਆਪਸੀ ਸੰਕਰ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ੰਸਨੀਯ ਨਹੀਂ; ਪਰ ਵਿਕਾਰ-ਰਹਿਤ ਸੱਚ ਸਭ ਵਰਣਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਤਿਸ਼ਠਿਤ ਹੈ।
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यof the fourfold varna-system
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
धर्माणाम्of duties/laws
धर्माणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
संकरःmixing, intermixture
संकरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
प्रशस्यःpraiseworthy, commendable
प्रशस्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रशस्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेto you (for you)
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormSecond, Dative, Singular
अविकारितमम्most unchanging, most unmodified
अविकारितमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविकारितम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्यम्truth
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्ववर्णेषुin all varnas
सर्ववर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes