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Shloka 33

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

काल प्राप्तमुपादद्यान्नार्थ राजा प्रसूचयेत्‌ । अहन्यहनि संदुह्मान्महीं गामिव बुद्धिमान्‌

kāla-prāptam upādad yān nārthaṁ rājā prasūcayet | ahany ahani saṁduhmān mahīṁ gām iva buddhimān ||

ਭੀਸ਼ਮ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਬੁੱਧੀਮਾਨ ਰਾਜਾ ਢੁੱਕਵੇਂ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੇ ਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਜਾ ਤੋਂ ਰਾਜਸਵ ਲਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਧਨ ਇਕੱਠਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਆਪਣੀ ਨੀਤੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਅੱਗੇ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਨਾ ਕਰੇ। ਜਿਵੇਂ ਸਮਝਦਾਰ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਹੀ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਦੁੱਧ ਕੱਢਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਿਵੇਂ ਰਾਜਾ ਧਰਤੀ ਦੀ ਪਾਲਣਾ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਹੀ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਧਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੇ।

कालम्time (proper occasion)
कालम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्तम्arrived/obtained (i.e., when it has come)
प्राप्तम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-आप्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपादद्यात्should take/collect
उपादद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-दा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्थम्wealth/revenue
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रसूचयेत्should disclose/announce
प्रसूचयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सूच्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहनिin a day
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अहनिin a day (day by day)
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
संदुह्यात्should milk/draw (yield) properly
संदुह्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-दुह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
महीम्the earth/land
महीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमही
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Upamana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
बुद्धिमान्wise
बुद्धिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
E
earth (mahī)
C
cow (go/gā)

Educational Q&A

Revenue collection must be timely, restrained, and grounded in protection: the king may draw wealth from the realm only while sustaining it, like milking a cow without harming her; additionally, state fiscal strategy should not be openly advertised.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira on how a ruler should manage wealth: collect resources at the right time, keep fiscal policy discreet, and ensure extraction is paired with continual care of the land and people.