Shloka 63

Devanagari script

ततः प्रयाता: कुरवो जवेन श्रुत्वैव शड्खस्वनमीर्यमाणम्‌ । विहाय मद्राधिपतिं पतिं च दुर्योधनं भारत भारतानाम्‌

Transliteration

tataḥ prayātāḥ kuravo javena śrutvaiva śaṅkhasvanam īryamāṇam | vihāya madrādhipatiṁ patiṁ ca duryodhanaṁ bhārata bhāratānām ||

Translation

ਹੇ ਭਾਰਤ! ਉਸ ਸ਼ੰਖਧੁਨੀ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹੀ ਸਾਰੇ ਕੌਰਵ ਯੋਧੇ ਤੇਜ਼ੀ ਨਾਲ ਭੱਜ ਪਏ; ਮਦ੍ਰ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਪਤੀ ਸ਼ਲ੍ਯ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਰਤਵੰਸ਼ ਦੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਦੁਰਯੋਧਨ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਓਥੇ ਹੀ ਛੱਡ ਗਏ।

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• प्रयाताः: having departed / having fled
• प्रयाताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-या (धातु: या)
• Form: past (perfective sense), plural, masculine, nominative

• कुरवः: the Kurus (Kaurava warriors)
• कुरवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• जवेन: with speed, swiftly
• जवेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: जव
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु: श्रु)
• Form: absolutive (क्त्वा)

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• शङ्ख-स्वनम्: the sound of a conch
• शङ्ख-स्वनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख + स्वन
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• ईर्यमाणम्: being raised/sounded (being made to resound)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईर् (धातु: ईर्) / ईरय् (causative sense)
• Form: present passive participle, masculine, accusative, singular

• विहाय: having abandoned, leaving behind
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-हा (धातु: हा)
• Form: absolutive (ल्यप्/क्त्वा sense)

• मद्र-अधिपतिम्: the lord of Madra (Shalya)
• मद्र-अधिपतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्र + अधिपति
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• पतिम्: the lord, master
• पतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दुर्योधनम्: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• भारत: O Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• भारतानाम्: of the Bharatas
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

शल्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śalya
• Kuru/Kaurava warriors
• Madra (kingdom)
• Duryodhana
• Conch (śaṅkha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical collapse that fear can cause in war: when morale breaks, even proclaimed loyalty to king and commander fails. It implicitly contrasts true kṣatriya-dharma—steadfastness and protection of one’s leader—with panic-driven abandonment.

What is happening in the narrative?

A conch is sounded on the battlefield; at that signal the Kuru troops lose heart and flee rapidly, leaving behind both Śalya (the Madra king allied with them) and their own ruler Duryodhana.