Shloka 31

Devanagari script

ततः सुमनस:ः पार्था हते तस्मिन्‌ निशाचरे

Transliteration

tataḥ sumanasaḥ pārthā hate tasmin niśācare

Translation

ਤਦੋਂ ਉਸ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਚਰ ਦੇ ਮਾਰੇ ਜਾਣ ਤੇ ਪૃਥਾ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਨ-ਚਿੱਤ ਹੋ ਗਏ।

Word by Word

• ततः: thereupon; then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/thereupon')

• सुमनसः: glad; cheerful
• सुमनसः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमनस्
• Form: Masculine, nominative plural

• पार्थाः: the sons of Pṛthā (the Pāṇḍavas)
• पार्थाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, nominative plural

• हते: when slain; after being killed
• हते: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), locative singular (Masculine/Neuter): 'when/after (he) was slain'

• तस्मिन्: in him; in that (one)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, locative singular

• निशाचरे: in the night-ranger (rākṣasa)
• निशाचरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाचर
• Form: Masculine, locative singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pārthāḥ (Pāṇḍavas)
• niśācara (a nocturnal foe/raider)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights a moral-emotional pivot in war: joy is not for violence itself, but for the removal of a dangerous, often unrighteous threat, restoring safety and steadiness for dharma-bound action.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that after a nocturnal adversary (niśācara) is killed, the Pāṇḍavas become cheerful and relieved, indicating a turning point where immediate danger has passed.