Shloka 39

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच इत्युक्तवति गाज़ेये अभिवाद्योपमन्त्रय च । राधेयो रथमारुह् प्रायात्‌ तव सुतं प्रति

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca ity uktavati gāṅgeye abhivādyopamantrya ca | rādheyo ratham āruhya prāyāt tava sutaṃ prati ||

Translation

ਸੰਜਯ ਬੋਲਿਆ—ਹੇ ਰਾਜਨ! ਗੰਗਾ-ਪੁੱਤਰ ਭੀਸ਼ਮ ਦੇ ਇਹ ਕਹਿਣ ਉਪਰੰਤ, ਰਾਧਾ-ਪੁੱਤਰ ਕਰਨ ਨੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ, ਉਪਦੇਸ਼ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਵਿਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ, ਰਥ ਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹ ਕੇ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦੁਰਯੋਧਨ ਵੱਲ ਚਲ ਪਿਆ।

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• उक्तवति: when (she/he) had spoken; upon (someone) having said
• उक्तवति: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्तवत्
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• गाङ्गेये: in/when Bhishma (son of Ganga)
• गाङ्गेये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाङ्गेय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• अभिवाद्य: having saluted
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + वद्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Active

• उपमन्त्र्य: having taken counsel/received instruction
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + मन्त्र्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Active

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• राधेयः: Radheya (Karna)
• राधेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राधेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आरुह्य: having mounted
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + रुह्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Active

• प्रायात्: went forth; departed
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + या
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तव: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• सुतम्: son
• सुतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रति: towards; to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Bhishma (Ganga-nandana / Gangeya)
• Karna (Radheya)
• Dhritarashtra (implied by 'tava')
• Duryodhana (implied by 'tava suta')
• chariot

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in a war setting, dharmic discipline is shown through respectful salutation to elders, receiving counsel, and acting within the accepted chain of command; personal valor is framed by propriety and guidance.

What is happening in the narrative?

After Bhishma finishes speaking, Karna bows to him, takes his counsel/permission, mounts his chariot, and goes to meet Dhritarashtra’s son—Duryodhana.