Mantra 6

Sukta 94

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

पृथक् प्रायन् प्रथमा देवहूतयोऽकृण्वत श्रवस्याऽनि दुष्टरा । न ये शेकुर्यज्ञियां नावमारुहमीर्मैव ते न्यविशन्त केपयः

IAST Transliteration

pṛ́thak prā́yan prathamā́ deváhūtayo 'kṛ́ṇvata śravasyā́ni duṣṭárāḥ | ná yé śékury yajñíyāṃ nā́vam ā́ruham ī́rmā́iva té níy aviśanta képayah

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Apart went forth the first god-invocations; they wrought fame-winning deeds, hard to be withstood. But they who had not power to mount the sacrificial ship—those waverers, even they sank down within.

Translation

ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਪਹਿਲੀਆਂ ਦੇਵ-ਆਹਵਾਨੀਆਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧੀਆਂ; ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੇ ਯਸ਼ ਦਿਵਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਰਮ ਕੀਤੇ, ਜੋ ਰੋਕੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ (ਦੁਸ਼ਟਰ) ਸਨ। ਪਰ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਯਜ્ઞੀ ਨੌਕਾ ਉੱਤੇ ਚੜ੍ਹਨ ਦੀ ਸਮਰਥਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ—ਉਹ ਡੋਲਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਵੀ ਅੰਦਰ ਹੀ ਡੁੱਬ ਗਏ।

Word by Word

• पृथक्: separately, apart
• पृथक्: Adhikaraṇa (रीत्या/प्रकारेण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < √पृथ्/पृथग् (विभागे) (निरुक्त-आधार)

• प्रायन्: they went forth
• प्रायन्: Kriyā (गमनक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (गत्यर्थे) + प्र-

• प्रथमा: the first
• प्रथमा: Kartā (कर्तृसमूहस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवहूतयः: the god-invocations / calls to the gods
• देवहूतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवहूति (प्रातिपदिक) = देव + हूति (< √हू/ह्वे आह्वाने)

• अकृण्वत: they made, they performed
• अकृण्वत: Kriyā (करणक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करणे)

• श्रवस्यानि: glorious (fame-bringing) deeds/acts
• श्रवस्यानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रवस्य (प्रातिपदिक) < श्रवस् (यशः) + य (तद्धित)

• दुष्टराः: hard to cross/overcome
• दुष्टराः: Kartā/Viśeṣaṇa (पूर्वपद-सम्बन्धेन ‘श्रवस्यानि’ इत्यस्य गुणनिर्देशः; पद्ये विशेषण-प्रयोगः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्टर (प्रातिपदिक) = दुर् + √तॄ (तरणे) + तृ (कृदन्त-आधार)

• न: not
• न: (निषेधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā (शेकुः इत्यस्य)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शेकुः: were able
• शेकुः: Kriyā (शक्तिक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शक् (शक्तौ)

• यज्ञियम्: fit for sacrifice / sacred
• यज्ञियम्: Karma (नावम्-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक) < यज्ञ + य (तद्धित; ‘यज्ञार्ह/यज्ञसम्बन्धि’)

• नावम्: boat
• नावम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नौ/नाव् (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहम्: to board, to mount
• आरुहम्: Prayojana (उद्देश्य/कर्तुमर्थे)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुह् (आरोहे) + आ-

• ईर्मैव: indeed, just so (emphatic particle)
• ईर्मैव: (उद्गार/निश्चयार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईर्म (निपात/उद्गार-प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक-प्रयोगः) + एव

• ते: they
• ते: Kartā (न्यविशन्त इत्यस्य)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नि: down, into
• नि: (क्रियाविशेषकः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अविशन्त: they entered / sank into
• अविशन्त: Kriyā (प्रवेश/पतनक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विश् (प्रवेशने) + अव/आ? (पाठभेदे) ; अत्र ‘अविशन्त’ = √विश् + अ- (लङ्)

• केपयः: the trembling/feeble ones (waverers)
• केपयः: Kartā (न्यविशन्त इत्यस्य; ते = केपयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केपय (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक-शब्दः, ‘कम्पन/उत्पात/दुर्बल’ इत्यर्थे)

Attribution

Rishi: Ṛgvedic source-stanza (AV 20 borrowing; r̥ṣi per RV anukramaṇī)

Devata: Indra / general yajña-power (implicit)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-type

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"bhayankara","emotional_arc":"Admiration for effective invocations → warning contrast → sober resolve not to waver.","listener_experience":"A bracing, corrective feeling: ‘commit or sink.’","intensity":6}