Sutra 17

Devanagari script

परिभूतः स्वैः परैश्चावगृह्यते द्वेष्यः समुच्छिद्यत इति ॥ कZ_०८.३.१७ ॥

Transliteration

paribhūtaḥ svaiḥ paraiś cāvagṛhyate dveṣyaḥ samucchidyata iti

Translation

ਜੋ ਬੇਇੱਜ਼ਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਵੀ ਤੇ ਪਰਾਏ ਵੀ ਤਿਰਸਕਾਰਦੇ ਹਨ; ਜੋ ਨਫ਼ਰਤਯੋਗ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਕੱਟ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ—ਅਲੱਗ/ਖਤਮ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• परिभूतः: (one who is) insulted / humiliated / overpowered
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: भू
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• स्वैः: by his own (people) / by his own side
• Type: Pronoun/Adjectival stem
• Root: स्व
• Form: स्व-शब्द; तृतीया-बहुवचन; पुं/नपुं (सामान्यतः)

• परैः: by others / by enemies / by outsiders
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: पर-शब्द; तृतीया-बहुवचन; पुं/नपुं (सामान्यतः)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अवगृह्यते: is seized/held down; is overpowered; is taken into custody
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह्
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान); कर्मणि प्रयोग; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; उपसर्ग: अव-; धातु: ग्रह्

• द्वेष्यः: to be hated; hateful; one who should be hated
• Type: Gerundive (Verbal adjective)
• Root: द्विष्
• Form: कृदन्त; यत्-प्रत्यय (भाव्य/कर्तव्य); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• समुच्छिद्यते: is cut off completely; is exterminated/eradicated
• Type: Verb
• Root: छिद्
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान); कर्मणि प्रयोग; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; उपसर्ग: सम् + उत्; धातु: छिद्

• इति: thus
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरण-सूचक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• king/sovereign (implied)
• own faction (svajana)
• outsiders/opponents

More Details

FAQs

How does Kautilya distinguish the effects of humiliation vs hatred?

Humiliation lowers status and invites contempt; hatred motivates coordinated action to eliminate the ruler.